Q: According to Dalton’s Law, what is the partial pressure of oxygen ($$P_{O_2$}) in $$dry atmospheric air at sea level (760 mm Hg) if oxygen makes up 20.9% of the air?

$$P_{O_2$} = 0.209 \times 760 = 159 mm Hg$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the nasal conchae in the upper respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area of the nasal cavity, enhancing air filtration, warming, and humidification.

Question 2

A patient presents with a sinus headache and difficulty equalizing air pressure in the sinuses. Which structure is most likely blocked?

Accepted Answer

Paranasal sinuses

Question 3

During swallowing, which structure seals the larynx to prevent food from entering the airway?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 4

Which of the following changes occurs as airways branch from the trachea to the terminal bronchioles?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage support decreases and smooth muscle increases

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents Boyle’s Law as it applies to pulmonary ventilation?

Accepted Answer

$$P_1$$ $$V_1$$ = $$P_2$$ $$V_2$$

Question 6

A patient with emphysema has reduced alveolar surface area. Which of the following is the most direct consequence?

Accepted Answer

Decreased rate of gas exchange across the respiratory membrane

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why surfactant is essential for normal lung function?

Accepted Answer

It reduces alveolar surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse during exhalation.

Question 8

Which of the following formulas correctly calculates vital capacity (VC)?

Accepted Answer

$$VC = TV + IRV + ERV$$

Question 9

A patient is experiencing rapid, shallow breathing (panting). Which of the following is most affected?

Accepted Answer

Alveolar ventilation decreases significantly

Question 10

According to Dalton’s Law, what is the partial pressure of oxygen ($$P_{O_2$}) in $$dry atmospheric air at sea level (760 mm Hg) if oxygen makes up 20.9% of the air?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{O_2$} = 0.209 	imes 760 = 159 mm Hg$$

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve is correct?

Accepted Answer

A rightward shift indicates decreased affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, facilitating oxygen unloading at tissues.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a way that carbon dioxide is transported in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Bound to albumin

Question 13

A patient with chronic bronchitis is likely to have which of the following pulmonary function test results?

Accepted Answer

Increased residual volume (RV) and total lung capacity (TLC)

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the Haldane effect?

Accepted Answer

Deoxygenated hemoglobin binds more CO$$_2$$, enhancing CO$$_2$$ transport in venous blood.

Question 15

Which brainstem respiratory center is primarily responsible for generating the basic rhythm of breathing?

Accepted Answer

Ventral respiratory group (VRG)

Question 16

A climber rapidly ascends to 3,000 meters and experiences acute mountain sickness. Which of the following is a physiological response to acclimatization at high altitude?

Accepted Answer

Increased erythropoietin (EPO) production and increased BPG levels

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why a person with a tracheal obstruction may suffocate quickly?

Accepted Answer

The trachea is the only airway conducting air to the lungs; obstruction prevents all airflow.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating alveolar ventilation (AV)?

Accepted Answer

$$AV = (TV - dead\ space) 	imes respiratory\ rate$$

Question 19

A patient with a genetic defect in the CFTR protein develops thick mucus in the lungs. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of bacterial lung infections due to impaired mucus clearance

Study Guide: The Respiratory System (Anatomy & Physiology)

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard