$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \frac{[\text{ion outside}]}{[\text{ion inside}]}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the sensory function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Detecting changes in the internal and external environment via sensory receptors

Question 2

Astrocytes are glial cells found in the CNS. What is their primary function?

Accepted Answer

Cling to neurons and blood vessels to modulate capillary exchange

Question 3

Which glial cell is responsible for producing myelin sheaths in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 4

What is the main difference between Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells produce myelin in the PNS, oligodendrocytes in the CNS

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a property of neurons?

Accepted Answer

Ability to divide and replace themselves regularly

Question 6

The charge difference across a plasma membrane is known as:

Accepted Answer

Resting membrane potential

Question 7

Which equation is used to calculate the equilibrium potential for a particular ion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \frac{[	ext{ion outside}]}{[	ext{ion inside}]}$$

Question 8

During depolarization of a neuron, what happens to the resting membrane potential (RMP)?

Accepted Answer

RMP moves toward zero, increasing chance for a nerve impulse signal

Question 9

Which type of ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated channel

Question 10

Which glial cell is responsible for circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cell

Question 11

What is the function of microglia in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Act as immune defense cells by phagocytosing debris and pathogens

Question 12

Which of the following best describes hyperpolarization in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

RMP moves away from zero, decreasing chance for a nerve impulse signal

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of satellite cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Surround cell bodies to perform functions similar to astrocytes

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

It is produced by Schwann cells and has gaps called nodes of Ranvier

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why neurons have a high metabolic rate?

Accepted Answer

They require continuous ATP to maintain ion gradients for membrane potentials

Question 16

Which of the following ions is most responsible for the depolarization phase of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ($$Na^+)$$

Question 17

A patient presents with demyelination in the CNS. Which cell type is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the integrative function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Processes and interprets sensory information in the CNS

Question 19

Which of the following is a multi-step process that occurs during the generation of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Opening of voltage-gated $$Na^+$$ channels, followed by opening of voltage-gated $$K^+$$ channels

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of ependymal cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Circulate cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles

lecture notes (ch.11): Nervous System Overview, Histology, and Membrane Potentials

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