$$E_i = RT/zF \times \ln([extracellular]/[intracellular])$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements about white and gray matter in the spinal cord is correct?

Accepted Answer

White matter contains axons and is myelinated.

Question 2

A patient suffers a stroke that damages the left hemisphere language areas. Which deficit is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Impaired comprehension of spoken language (Wernicke's aphasia).

Question 3

Which structure relays all sensory information to the cerebral cortex except for olfaction?

Accepted Answer

Thalamus

Question 4

During increased neural activity in a brain region, what physiological change occurs to meet metabolic demand?

Accepted Answer

Increase in blood flow and glucose delivery

Question 5

Which glial cell type is responsible for producing myelin in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 6

If the resting membrane potential (RMP) of a neuron approaches 0 mV, what is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Neurons lose their ability to signal, leading to brain death.

Question 7

Which equation describes the equilibrium potential for a single ion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$E_i = RT/zF 	imes \ln([extracellular]/[intracellular])$$

Question 8

What is the primary function of the Na+/K+ pump in neurons?

Accepted Answer

To maintain the resting membrane potential and ion gradients.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of depolarization in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ions enter the cell, making the membrane potential more positive.

Question 10

Which statement about action potentials is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are all-or-none events triggered by threshold depolarization.

Question 11

What is the effect of myelination on action potential propagation speed?

Accepted Answer

It increases propagation speed by allowing saltatory conduction.

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding synaptotagmin in neurotransmitter release?

Accepted Answer

It binds Ca2+ and is located very close to Ca2+ channels to promote fast release.

Question 13

A drug blocks voltage-gated sodium channels in neurons. What is the most direct effect?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials cannot be initiated or propagated.

Question 14

Which of the following is a major function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Modification of motor output to match performance.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of glial cells?

Accepted Answer

Generating action potentials

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

It restricts diffusion of substances from blood to brain, protecting neural tissue.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the corpus callosum?

Accepted Answer

It connects the left and right hemispheres, allowing communication.

Question 18

Which of the following is a property of voltage-gated ion channels?

Accepted Answer

Their conductance changes with voltage.

Question 19

Which neurotransmitter system is most directly affected in Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the Na+/K+ pump uses over 50% of the metabolic energy in the mammalian brain?

Accepted Answer

It maintains ion gradients essential for action potentials and neuronal signaling.

Study Notes: Nervous System Structure and Function in Anatomy & Physiology

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