Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To control and communicate information throughout the body using electrical and chemical signals

Question 2

Which neuroglial cell type is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 3

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts the transmission of impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles. Which division of the peripheral nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic motor division

Question 4

Which of the following statements about neurons is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Neurons require a continuous supply of oxygen and glucose due to their high metabolic rate

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents Ohm's Law as it applies to the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in neurons?

Accepted Answer

$$V = I 	imes R$$

Question 6

A researcher is studying the movement of mitochondria and enzymes from the neuron cell body toward the axon terminal. What is this type of axonal transport called?

Accepted Answer

Anterograde transport

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Clinging to neurons and capillaries to support and brace neurons

Question 8

Which structure contains clusters of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Ganglia

Question 9

A patient with multiple sclerosis experiences slowed nerve impulse transmission. Which component of the neuron is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the axon hillock?

Accepted Answer

It is the region where action potentials are initiated

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Controlling voluntary movement of skeletal muscle

Question 12

Which type of neuroglia is responsible for monitoring the health of neurons and can transform into phagocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Microglial cells

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between a nerve and a tract?

Accepted Answer

A nerve is a bundle of axons in the PNS, while a tract is a bundle of axons in the CNS

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the movement of organelles and molecules within axons?

Accepted Answer

Anterograde transport moves organelles and proteins away from the cell body

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons transmit impulses faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin electrically insulates the axon, allowing impulses to jump between nodes of Ranvier

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct pairing of neuroglia and their function?

Accepted Answer

Microglial cells – phagocytose microorganisms and neuronal debris

Question 17

A toxin is transported from the axon terminal to the neuron cell body. Which type of axonal transport is responsible?

Accepted Answer

Retrograde transport

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the receptive (input) region of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites

Question 19

Which of the following is a property of neurons that distinguishes them from most other cell types?

Accepted Answer

Extreme longevity, often lasting a person's lifetime

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of satellite cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Surrounding neuron cell bodies and providing support similar to astrocytes in the CNS

Study Notes: Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard