Question 1

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the proliferation of keratinocytes and contains stem cells anchored to the basement membrane?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 2

A patient presents with a genetic defect in melanin synthesis. Which cell type in the epidermis is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Melanocytes

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of the stratum corneum in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Main barrier against water loss

Question 4

Which type of skin is found on the palm of the hand and sole of the foot, and is characterized by a thick epidermis and absence of hair follicles?

Accepted Answer

Thick skin

Question 5

Which cell type in the epidermis acts as an antigen-presenting dendritic cell and is mainly found in the stratum spinosum?

Accepted Answer

Langerhans cells

Question 6

A burn patient loses the barrier function of the skin, resulting in excessive water loss. Which layer is most likely compromised?

Accepted Answer

Stratum corneum

Question 7

Which gland type is responsible for temperature regulation and is distributed over most of the body except the lips and parts of the external genitalia?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine sweat glands

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the secretion mechanism of sebaceous glands?

Accepted Answer

Holocrine secretion

Question 9

A patient has a birthmark due to accumulation of melanocytes. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Nevus

Question 10

Which corpuscle is found in the stratum papillare of the dermis, is responsible for detecting movement, and is mainly present in the fingers?

Accepted Answer

Meissner's corpuscle

Question 11

Which layer of the dermis is responsible for mechanical resistance due to its dense connective tissue and thick elastic fibers?

Accepted Answer

Stratum reticulare

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding melanocytes in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

They donate melanin to keratinocytes by phagocytosis

Question 13

Which skin appendage is most closely associated with hair follicles and produces an oily secretion that smoothens the skin and acts as a barrier?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous gland

Question 14

Which receptor type in the skin is responsible for detecting stretch and tension, and is located in the dermis?

Accepted Answer

Ruffini's corpuscle

Question 15

A patient is unable to sense pressure on their skin. Which cell type in the basal layer of the epidermis is most likely dysfunctional?

Accepted Answer

Merkel cell

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the regeneration timeline of keratinocytes in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Proliferation in stratum basale, 2 weeks differentiation, 2 weeks in stratum corneum

Question 17

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between the number of layers in the stratum corneum and the thickness of the skin?

Accepted Answer

$$n_{corneum} = \frac{T_{skin}}{d_{layer}}$$

Question 18

Which secretion mechanism involves the release of the product together with cell debris after apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Holocrine

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Production of insulin

Question 20

A patient has impaired antigen presentation in the skin, leading to reduced activation of T lymphocytes. Which cell type is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Langerhans cell

Study Notes: Structure and Function of Human Skin (Histology)

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard