Question 1

Which of the following is NOT considered a first line of defense in the innate immune system?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytes

Question 2

A patient presents with a fever after a viral infection. Which mechanism best explains how moderate fever benefits the immune response?

Accepted Answer

It causes the liver and spleen to sequester iron and zinc, limiting microbial growth.

Question 3

Which white blood cell is most abundant in the blood and is the first to respond to bacterial infection?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of Helper T cells (CD4+) in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They activate B cells and other T cells by presenting antigens.

Question 5

Which immunoglobulin is primarily responsible for the initial response to a new antigen and is found as a pentamer in plasma?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 6

A person receives antibodies from their mother through breast milk. What type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Passive, natural immunity

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of complement proteins in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Enhancing inflammation and lysing foreign cells

Question 8

Which equation best represents the relationship between cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), and heart rate (HR) in the context of immune cell circulation?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = SV 	imes HR$$

Question 9

A patient with Hodgkin’s disease is likely to experience which of the following immune system problems?

Accepted Answer

Depression of lymph node cells leading to immunodeficiency

Question 10

Which of the following is a cardinal sign of acute inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Redness

Question 11

Which cell type is responsible for producing antibodies in the adaptive immune system?

Accepted Answer

Plasma cells (derived from B cells)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity is fast and nonspecific; adaptive immunity is slower and highly specific.

Question 13

Which of the following is a consequence of the loss of self-tolerance in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune disease

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why vitamin D is important for immune function?

Accepted Answer

It is required for activation of CD4+ helper T cells.

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the memory response in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Memory lymphocytes allow for a faster and more significant response upon re-exposure to the same antigen.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of interferons in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

They warn neighboring cells of viral infection and modulate immune responses.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of MHC class I proteins?

Accepted Answer

They present endogenous antigens to cytotoxic T cells.

Question 18

A patient experiences anaphylactic shock after a bee sting. Which physiological response is most dangerous in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Bronchiole constriction leading to difficulty breathing

Question 19

Which equation best represents the calculation of blood pressure (BP) in relation to cardiac output (CO) and total peripheral resistance (TPR)?

Accepted Answer

$$BP = CO 	imes TPR$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a primary lymphoid organ responsible for the development of T lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

Thymus

Study Notes: The Immune System – Innate and Adaptive Defenses

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard