$$\frac{Plasma}{Total\ Blood\ Volume} \times 100 \approx 55\%$$

$$\frac{Volume\ of\ RBCs}{Total\ Blood\ Volume} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of blood in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Producing hormones for endocrine signaling

Question 2

Blood is composed of two major portions. Which equation best represents the percentage of plasma in normal blood volume?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{Plasma}{Total\ Blood\ Volume} 	imes 100 \approx 55\%$$

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of albumin in plasma?

Accepted Answer

It is the main protein responsible for osmotic pressure regulation.

Question 4

A patient presents with abnormally high numbers of immature white blood cells. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Leukemia

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly calculates hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{Volume\ of\ RBCs}{Total\ Blood\ Volume} 	imes 100$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why people living at high altitudes often have higher RBC counts?

Accepted Answer

Lower oxygen concentration stimulates erythropoietin release, increasing RBC production.

Question 7

A patient with sickle cell disease is likely to experience which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of blood clots due to abnormal RBC shape

Question 8

Which of the following statements about hemoglobin is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin is composed of four polypeptide chains, each with a heme group.

Question 9

Which process is described by the following equation: $$Fibrinogen \xrightarrow{Thrombin} Fibrin$$?

Accepted Answer

Formation of the blood clot mesh

Question 10

A newborn develops hemolytic disease due to Rh incompatibility. Which scenario is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Mother is Rh-negative, baby is Rh-positive, and mother has been previously sensitized.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct description of agglutination?

Accepted Answer

Clumping of red blood cells due to antibody-antigen reaction

Question 12

Which of the following is a universal blood donor type and why?

Accepted Answer

Type O negative, because it lacks A, B, and Rh antigens

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between a thrombus and an embolus?

Accepted Answer

A thrombus is a stationary clot; an embolus is a clot that travels through the bloodstream.

Question 14

Which of the following equations represents the calculation for a differential WBC count?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{Number\ of\ specific\ WBC\ type}{Total\ number\ of\ WBCs} 	imes 100$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of fibrinolysis?

Accepted Answer

Dissolving blood clots after tissue repair

Question 16

A patient with thrombocytopenia is most likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Excessive bleeding due to low platelet count

Question 17

Which of the following is an anticoagulant found in blood that helps prevent clot formation?

Accepted Answer

Heparin

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of erythropoietin?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates RBC production in response to low oxygen levels

Question 19

A patient receives a blood transfusion with mismatched ABO blood type. What is the most likely immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and hemolysis of donor RBCs

The Blood: Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide

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