Question 1

During which phase of the cardiac cycle are both the atrioventricular (AV) valves and the semilunar (SL) valves closed, and ventricular pressure is rising rapidly?

Accepted Answer

Isovolumetric contraction

Question 2

Which event immediately follows the closure of the atrioventricular valves and coincides with the onset of ventricular systole?

Accepted Answer

Isovolumetric contraction

Question 3

If the pressure in the left ventricle exceeds the pressure in the aorta, which valve will open?

Accepted Answer

Aortic semilunar valve

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the conditions necessary for the atrioventricular (AV) valves to open?

Accepted Answer

Atrial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure

Question 5

A patient’s heart sound reveals a clear first heart sound (S1) but a muffled and whooshing second heart sound (S2). Which structure is most likely dysfunctional?

Accepted Answer

Semilunar valves

Question 6

Which phase of the cardiac cycle is defined by the period when the ventricles are relaxed and blood flows from the atria into the ventricles?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular filling

Question 7

What causes the first heart sound (S1, 'lub') during the cardiac cycle?

Accepted Answer

Closure of the atrioventricular valves

Question 8

During which phase of the cardiac cycle is the blood volume in the ventricles constant?

Accepted Answer

Isovolumetric contraction

Question 9

Which of the following statements is TRUE when the pressure in the ventricles is higher than in the atria?

Accepted Answer

The atrioventricular valves are closed

Question 10

Which equation best represents the relationship between pressure and valve opening in the left ventricle during systole?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{LV} \u003e P_{Aorta}$$

Question 11

Which phase of the cardiac cycle is associated with the second heart sound (S2, 'dub')?

Accepted Answer

Isovolumetric relaxation

Question 12

If both the AV and SL valves are closed, and ventricular pressure is falling, which phase is occurring?

Accepted Answer

Isovolumetric relaxation

Question 13

Which of the following best describes ventricular ejection?

Accepted Answer

Ventricles contract, AV valves closed, SL valves open

Question 14

A patient has a heart murmur caused by turbulent blood flow during ventricular systole. Which valve is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Semilunar valve

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the timing of heart sounds in the cardiac cycle?

Accepted Answer

S1 occurs at the start of isovolumetric contraction

Question 16

During which phase of the cardiac cycle does ventricular pressure fall but both AV and SL valves remain closed?

Accepted Answer

Isovolumetric relaxation

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the semilunar valves open during ventricular systole?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular pressure exceeds arterial pressure

Question 18

True or False: Ventricular filling is defined as the period when the AV valves are open and the SL valves are closed.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the pressure changes that cause the AV valves to close?

Accepted Answer

Atrial pressure falls below ventricular pressure

Question 20

Which equation represents the condition for the semilunar valves to open?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{Ventricle} \u003e P_{Artery}$$

The Cardiac Cycle: Systole, Diastole, Pressure, and Heart Valves

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