Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a typical eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It is a selectively permeable bilayer that separates the cell from its environment and regulates the movement of substances in and out.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with its DNA in the form of dense, rod-like structures. Which phase of the cell cycle is this cell most likely in?

Accepted Answer

Prophase of mitosis

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for packaging proteins for export from the cell or insertion into the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 4

A patient has a genetic disorder that affects the function of lysosomes. Which of the following symptoms would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of undigested cellular debris

Question 5

During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why the plasma membrane is described as a 'fluid mosaic'?

Accepted Answer

It consists of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins and cholesterol molecules that can move laterally within the layer.

Question 7

Which organelle is most directly involved in detoxifying harmful chemicals such as alcohol in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 8

A cell is observed to have an extensive network of rough endoplasmic reticulum. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of large amounts of proteins for export

Question 9

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for maintaining the shape of the cell and providing tracks for intracellular transport?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 10

A mutation causes the nuclear envelope to lose its porosity. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Export of RNA and proteins from the nucleus

Question 11

Which of the following best distinguishes mitosis from meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, while meiosis results in four genetically unique cells.

Question 12

A cell is observed in which the chromosomes are aligned at the center of the cell. Which stage of mitosis is this?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of ribosomal RNA and assembly of ribosomes

Question 14

A cell is unable to form a mitotic spindle during division. Which organelle is most likely defective?

Accepted Answer

Centrioles

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of mitochondria in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They produce ATP through cellular respiration.

Question 16

A cell is observed to have a high number of peroxisomes. Which tissue is this cell most likely from?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function that all cells must carry out to maintain life?

Accepted Answer

Produce hormones

Question 18

A researcher treats cells with a drug that prevents the folding of the inner mitochondrial membrane. What is the most likely effect on the cell?

Accepted Answer

Decreased ATP production due to reduced surface area for electron transport

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the plasma membrane is sometimes folded to increase surface area?

Accepted Answer

To allow for more efficient absorption and exchange of materials with the environment

Question 20

During which phase of the cell cycle are the nuclear envelope and nucleoli intact, and DNA is visible as chromatin?

Accepted Answer

Interphase

The Cell and Mitosis: Structure, Function, and Division

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