Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It regulates membrane fluidity by preventing the membrane from becoming too stiff or too fluid.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and may burst as water enters the cell.

Question 3

Which type of membrane transport requires energy directly from ATP hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 4

What is the main difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion uses membrane proteins to help polar molecules cross the membrane.

Question 5

Which cell junction allows ions and small molecules to pass directly between adjacent cells, facilitating cell-to-cell communication?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 6

The Na$$^+-K$^+$$ pump moves ions across the plasma membrane. For each ATP hydrolyzed, how many Na$$^+$$ and K$$^+$$ ions are transported, and in which direction?

Accepted Answer

3 Na$$^+$$ out, 2 K$$^+ in$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form a bilayer in water?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophilic heads interact with water while hydrophobic tails avoid water.

Question 8

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the expected outcome?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 9

Which process is responsible for the movement of water across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 10

Which of the following is TRUE about secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

It relies on the energy stored in an ion concentration gradient, often created by primary active transport.

Question 11

Which plasma membrane component is primarily responsible for cell recognition?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates attached to proteins and lipids

Question 12

Which organelle is the site of aerobic cellular respiration and ATP production?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 13

A patient with Tay-Sachs disease has a genetic mutation affecting which organelle, and what is the consequence?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome; accumulation of glycolipids leading to neurodegeneration

Question 14

Which cytoskeletal element is made of actin and is involved in cell movement and forming microvilli?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments

Question 15

Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins received from the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of tight junctions?

Accepted Answer

They prevent substances from leaking between cells.

Question 17

Which process involves the packaging of large molecules into vesicles for transport into the cell?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents ATP hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$ATP + H_2O \rightarrow ADP + P_i + energy$$

Question 19

Which cytoskeletal element is responsible for separating duplicated chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 20

Which organelle is responsible for detoxifying alcohol and converting free radicals into water, especially in liver and kidney cells?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

The Cell: Plasma Membrane, Nucleus, and Cytoplasm – Structure and Function

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard