Question 1

Which of the following best describes the principle of complementarity in cell theory?

Accepted Answer

Cell structure determines cell function, meaning the anatomy of a cell dictates its physiological activities.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and a prominent Golgi apparatus. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis and export of proteins

Question 3

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the four major elements that compose cells?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorus

Question 4

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell and why?

Accepted Answer

Water will enter the cell by osmosis, causing it to swell and possibly burst.

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through the breakdown of food using oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 6

What is the main function of the plasma membrane in a cell?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a selectively permeable barrier, controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 7

Which type of cell junction prevents substances from passing between cells, forming leakproof sheets?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 8

A cell is actively transporting sodium ions out and potassium ions in, against their concentration gradients. Which process is being used?

Accepted Answer

Active transport via the sodium-potassium pump

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why water-soluble molecules have difficulty crossing the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

The hydrophobic nonpolar tails of phospholipids form the membrane's interior, making it relatively impermeable to most water-soluble molecules.

Question 10

Which organelle is most abundant in phagocytic cells such as macrophages, and why?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes, because they contain digestive enzymes to break down bacteria and cell debris.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Lipid metabolism and detoxification of drugs and pesticides

Question 12

A nerve cell (neuron) is specialized for which function?

Accepted Answer

Receiving and transmitting messages to other body structures

Question 13

Which process requires ATP to move substances across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of microtubules in the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

They provide structural support and serve as tracks for intracellular transport.

Question 15

During exocytosis, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

A vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents outside the cell.

Question 16

Which equation best represents the movement of molecules during diffusion?

Accepted Answer

$$J = -D \frac{dC}{dx}$$

Question 17

A cell is observed to have a large number of peroxisomes. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of harmful substances such as alcohol and breakdown of free radicals

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE regarding facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It requires membrane proteins to transport substances that are too large or charged to pass through the membrane.

Question 19

Which cell type is specialized for storing nutrients in the form of lipid droplets?

Accepted Answer

Adipocyte (fat cell)

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the nucleus is correct?

Accepted Answer

It contains DNA, which provides instructions for building proteins and is replicated before cell division.

The Cell: Structure, Function, and Cellular Basis of Life

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