$$6 \text{O}_2 + C_6H_{12}O_6$ \rightarrow 6 \text{CO}_2 + 6 \text{H}_2O + 36-38 \text{ATP}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a typical animal cell?

Accepted Answer

It is selectively permeable, controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 2

A red blood cell placed in a hypertonic solution will undergo which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

Crenation

Question 3

Which component of the plasma membrane is primarily responsible for cell recognition and protection from enzyme digestion?

Accepted Answer

Glycocalyx

Question 4

During facilitated diffusion, which of the following is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Transport proteins assist molecules in moving down their concentration gradient without using energy.

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for modifying and packaging proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 6

A patient with a genetic defect in catalase production would most likely have problems with which organelle?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the net ATP yield from aerobic respiration of one glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$6 	ext{O}_2 + C_6H_{12}O_6$ ightarrow 6 	ext{CO}_2 + 6 	ext{H}_2O + 36-38 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 8

Which of the following statements about mitochondria is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

They are the site of aerobic respiration and ATP production.

Question 9

A cell is observed to have an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of large amounts of proteins for secretion

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why water can cross the plasma membrane despite being polar?

Accepted Answer

Water is small enough to pass through the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer.

Question 11

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for cell movement and mechanical support?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments (actin)

Question 12

Which process is described as the engulfing of particles by the formation of a membrane sac, such as a white blood cell ingesting bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis (phagocytosis)

Question 13

During cell division, chromatin condenses to form chromosomes. Which phase of mitosis does this primarily occur?

Accepted Answer

Prophase

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half, producing haploid cells.

Question 15

A cell is exposed to a toxin that inhibits ATP production. Which transport process will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 16

Which of the following best describes apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Genetically programmed, regulated cell death without inflammation.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of foreign substances and recycling of worn-out organelles

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes membrane fluidity and structure.

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about the genetic material in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

It is a single, circular DNA molecule inherited from the mother.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Copying DNA to make mRNA in the nucleus using RNA polymerase

The Cellular Level of Organization: Structure and Function of Cells

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