$$\text{Mass Number} = \text{Atomic Number} + \text{Number of Neutrons}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why chemistry is fundamental to the study of Anatomy & Physiology?

Accepted Answer

Because all anatomical structures and physiological processes are based on chemical reactions.

Question 2

A patient presents with blood pH of 7.2 after prolonged vomiting of alkaline intestinal contents. Which condition is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis

Question 3

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 4

Which formula correctly represents the relationship between atomic number, mass number, and neutrons in an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Mass Number} = 	ext{Atomic Number} + 	ext{Number of Neutrons}$$

Question 5

A molecule of water ($$H_2O) is $$best described as:

Accepted Answer

A compound formed by two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom bonded covalently.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond in which electrons are shared unequally between atoms with different electronegativities.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct statement about acids and bases?

Accepted Answer

Acids release $$H^+$$ ions in water, while bases release ions that can combine with $$H^+.$$

Question 8

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$0.0001 g/L. $$What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 9

Which of the following organic molecules is the main source of cellular energy and has a hydrogen to oxygen ratio close to 2:1?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 10

Which type of chemical bond is primarily responsible for the secondary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 11

A patient is experiencing dizziness and agitation after taking excess antacids. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Alkalosis

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A double helix composed of nucleotides containing deoxyribose sugar.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of inorganic salts in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They help control water concentration, pH, blood clotting, nerve and muscle processes.

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have only single carbon-carbon bonds and are usually solid at room temperature.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a buffer in the context of human physiology?

Accepted Answer

A chemical that resists pH changes by binding and releasing $$H^+$$ ions.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct example of a synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$A + B \rightarrow AB$$

Question 17

Which imaging technique uses radioactive isotopes that emit positrons to detect biochemical activity in tissues?

Accepted Answer

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Question 18

Which of the following is true about electrolytes?

Accepted Answer

Electrolytes are substances that release ions in water and can conduct an electric current.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between organic and inorganic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Organic molecules contain both carbon and hydrogen, while inorganic molecules generally do not.

Question 20

A protein loses its unique 3-dimensional shape after exposure to high heat. This process is called:

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

The Chemical Basis of Life: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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