Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between physical and chemical changes in matter?

Accepted Answer

Physical changes do not alter the basic nature of a substance, while chemical changes result in the formation of new substances.

Question 2

A patient is given a medication that increases the movement of ions across cell membranes. Which type of energy is directly involved in this process?

Accepted Answer

Electrical energy

Question 3

Which of the following elements makes up the largest percentage of the human body's mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen (O)

Question 4

An atom has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons. What is its atomic number and atomic mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number: 11; Atomic mass number: 23

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why sodium chloride (NaCl) has properties different from those of sodium and chlorine atoms?

Accepted Answer

Chemical bonding changes the physical and chemical properties of the atoms involved.

Question 6

Which of the following is true regarding ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds result from the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

Question 7

A molecule of water ($$H_2O) is $$held together by which type of chemical bond?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bond

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which atoms or molecules combine to form a larger, more complex molecule, absorbing energy.

Question 9

If the concentration of hydrogen ions ($$[H^+]) in a $$solution increases by a factor of 100, how many pH units does the solution decrease?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a hydrolysis reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down glycogen into glucose molecules by adding water

Question 11

Which property of water is most important for maintaining a stable body temperature during exercise?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 12

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fats is correct?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fats contain one or more double covalent bonds and are usually liquids at room temperature.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

Two fatty acid chains and a phosphorus-containing polar head

Question 14

A protein loses its tertiary structure due to high fever. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The protein will be denatured and lose its physiological function.

Question 15

Which of the following is true about enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct pairing of nucleic acid and its function?

Accepted Answer

DNA: provides instructions for every protein in the body

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is a double-stranded helix containing thymine.

Question 18

A solution has a pH of 6. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has more $$H^+$$ than $$OH^-$$ ions.

Question 19

Which of the following is a polymer formed by dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

The Chemical Level of Organization: Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology

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