Question 1

Which of the following best explains why water molecules exhibit surface tension?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules create a 'web' of molecular connections at the surface.

Question 2

A patient receives radiation therapy for cancer. Which property of isotopes is most directly utilized in this treatment?

Accepted Answer

Radioactive isotopes release energy as they decay, which can damage or kill cancer cells.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between a mixture and a compound?

Accepted Answer

Mixtures can be separated by physical means, while compounds require chemical means for separation.

Question 4

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the four major elements that make up over 96% of the human body’s mass?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 5

An atom of sodium ($$Na) $$has 11 protons and 11 electrons. If it loses one electron, what is the resulting charge and what type of ion is formed?

Accepted Answer

The atom becomes positively charged and forms a cation.

Question 6

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 7

A molecule of $$CO_2 ($$carbon dioxide) is formed by which type of covalent bonding?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bonds, with electrons shared unequally between carbon and oxygen.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a reversible chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction where products can be converted back to reactants, as shown by the double arrow $$A + B \rightleftharpoons AB.$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct statement about the electron shells of atoms?

Accepted Answer

The third shell can hold up to 18 electrons, but is satisfied with 8.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why sodium chloride ($$NaCl) $$forms an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

Sodium donates an electron to chlorine, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a synthesis (anabolic) reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Combining amino acids to form a protein.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared unequally, resulting in partial positive and negative charges.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct example of chemical notation for a reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of valence electrons in chemical bonding?

Accepted Answer

Valence electrons are involved in forming chemical bonds between atoms.

Question 15

A solution is prepared by dissolving table salt ($$NaCl) in $$water. Which type of mixture is this?

Accepted Answer

Solution

Question 16

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have different numbers of neutrons.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes an exergonic chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that releases energy as the reactants are converted to products.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between partially charged regions of molecules.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a decomposition (catabolic) reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller molecules.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the periodic table and elements in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen make up the majority of the human body’s mass.

The Chemistry of Life: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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