Question 1

Which of the following best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 2

A patient is injected with a radiotracer for a PET scan. Which property of the radiotracer allows it to be detected by the scanner?

Accepted Answer

It emits radiation as it decays

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the dissociation of hydrochloric acid in water?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{HCl} \rightarrow \mathrm{H}^+ + \mathrm{Cl}^-$$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why water is an effective solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water is polar and can surround charged ions, separating them

Question 5

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-8}$$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$8$$

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct statement about enzymes?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy ($$E_a) of a $$reaction without being consumed

Question 7

A person with Tay-Sachs disease is unable to break down certain lipids in the brain due to a deficiency in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Hexosaminidase enzyme

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a buffer system in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A chemical system that resists changes in pH when acids or bases are added

Question 9

Which of the following is a property of saturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

They have no double bonds between carbon atoms and are solid at room temperature

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why trans fats are considered harmful to human health?

Accepted Answer

They increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and have no safe level of consumption

Question 11

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They have a hydrophilic phosphate head and two hydrophobic fatty acid tails

Question 12

A protein loses its function after being exposed to high heat. What is the most likely explanation for this?

Accepted Answer

The protein has denatured, losing its three-dimensional structure

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids held together by peptide bonds

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T)

Question 15

A patient is diagnosed with acidosis. What is the most likely pH range of their blood?

Accepted Answer

$$\u003c 7.35$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that links two monomers by removing a molecule of water

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They serve primarily as fuel for cellular processes

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific for their substrates?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes have an active site that fits only specific substrates

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about ATP (adenosine triphosphate)?

Accepted Answer

ATP is the main source of chemical energy for cellular processes

Question 20

A molecule of DNA contains 30% adenine. According to base pairing rules, what percentage of the DNA is thymine?

Accepted Answer

30%

The Chemistry of Life: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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