Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

To process food, extract nutrients, and eliminate residue

Question 2

Mechanical digestion refers to which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

Physical breakdown of food by cutting and grinding action of teeth and churning of stomach and intestines

Question 3

Which enzyme is responsible for the initial digestion of starch in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase

Question 4

A patient presents with heartburn and frequent acid reflux. Which anatomical structure is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Lower esophageal sphincter

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct sequence of layers from the lumen outward in the wall of the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct chemical reaction for the formation of hydrochloric acid ($$HCl) in $$the stomach?

Accepted Answer

$$H^+ is $$pumped into the gastric gland lumen by the H^+-K^+ ATPase pump, and $$Cl^- is $$exchanged from blood plasma, then $$H^+$$ and $$Cl^-$$ combine to form $$HCl$$

Question 7

Which cell type in the gastric glands secretes pepsinogen?

Accepted Answer

Chief cells

Question 8

A deficiency in intrinsic factor would most likely result in which condition?

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why bile acids are important for fat digestion?

Accepted Answer

They emulsify fats, increasing surface area for lipase action

Question 10

A patient with obstructed bile ducts is likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Jaundice and poor fat digestion

Question 11

Which pancreatic enzyme is secreted as a zymogen and activated in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Trypsinogen

Question 12

Which of the following structures increases the surface area for absorption in the small intestine by a factor of 20?

Accepted Answer

Microvilli

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of segmentation in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Stationary ring-like constrictions that mix and churn chyme

Question 14

A person of Asian descent is more likely to experience which digestive disorder after consuming dairy products?

Accepted Answer

Lactose intolerance

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of water and electrolytes

Question 16

Which reflex is responsible for intensifying peristalsis and relaxing the internal anal sphincter during defecation?

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic defecation reflex

Question 17

Which phase of digestion is triggered by the sight, smell, or taste of food and involves stimulation of salivary and gastric glands?

Accepted Answer

Cephalic phase

Question 18

During the intestinal phase of digestion, which hormone stimulates the release of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice and bile?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 19

A patient with chronic vomiting is at risk for which of the following imbalances?

Accepted Answer

Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalance

Question 20

Which of the following best explains the autocatalytic effect of pepsin in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin converts more pepsinogen into pepsin after some pepsin is formed

The Digestive System: Structure and Function

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard