Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of the endocrine system in relation to the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It interacts closely with the nervous system to regulate body functions via hormones.

Question 2

Which hormone is produced by somatotropic cells and stimulates growth directly and indirectly via the liver’s secretion of insulin-like growth factor-1?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 3

A patient presents with poor milk production during nursing. Which pituitary hormone is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin (PRL)

Question 4

Which of the following is a tropic hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete hormones helping the body cope with stress?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 5

Which feedback mechanism is responsible for increasing hormone secretion when blood concentration falls below a minimum threshold?

Accepted Answer

Positive feedback

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between hormone concentration ($$[H]$$), rate of secretion ($$R_s$$), and rate of removal ($$R_r) in $$steady-state conditions?

Accepted Answer

$$[H] = \frac{R_s}{R_r}$$

Question 7

A patient with Cushing’s disease is likely to have an excess of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of releasing hormones secreted by the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

They stimulate the anterior lobe to release its hormones.

Question 9

Which pituitary hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormone, and what is its abbreviation?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a pure endocrine organ?

Accepted Answer

Pancreas

Question 11

Which hormone is produced by gonadotropic cells and stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone production in males?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why hormones only affect specific tissues?

Accepted Answer

Only target cells possess receptors for specific hormones.

Question 13

A patient has a deficiency in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Which of the following symptoms is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Cretinism in children

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the pathway of hypothalamic releasing hormones to the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

They enter a primary capillary plexus and then travel via portal veins to a secondary capillary plexus in the anterior pituitary.

Question 15

Which of the following hormones is NOT classified as a tropic hormone?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 16

Which equation best represents the negative feedback loop controlling hormone secretion, where $$H is $$hormone concentration and $$S is $$secretion rate?

Accepted Answer

$$S = \frac{1}{H}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a direct effect of growth hormone (GH) on target tissues?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates the liver to secrete insulin-like growth factor-1

Question 18

Which cell type in the anterior pituitary is responsible for producing prolactin?

Accepted Answer

Acidophils

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the effect of neural stimuli on hormone release?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nerve fibers stimulate cells in the adrenal medulla to release epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Question 20

Which of the following organs contains a large proportion of endocrine cells but is not a pure endocrine organ?

Accepted Answer

Pancreas

The Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Major Glands

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