Question 1

Which of the following best describes a similarity between the endocrine and nervous systems in terms of intercellular communication?

Accepted Answer

Both systems use chemical messengers to communicate between cells.

Question 2

A patient presents with symptoms of hypothyroidism. Which hormone is most likely deficient, and which gland produces it?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine ($$T_4) $$from the thyroid gland.

Question 3

Which of the following is a steroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 4

The hypothalamus controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland by:

Accepted Answer

Releasing regulatory hormones into the hypophyseal portal system.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains the negative feedback mechanism in hormonal action?

Accepted Answer

An increase in hormone levels inhibits further hormone release.

Question 6

A patient with diabetes mellitus type 1 is unable to produce which hormone, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Insulin; decreases blood glucose levels.

Question 7

Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary and is responsible for water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 8

A patient with Cushing's syndrome is likely to have elevated levels of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between blood glucose concentration ($$[G]$$), insulin secretion ($$I$$), and glucose uptake ($$U) in a $$healthy individual?

Accepted Answer

$$U \propto I$$, where increased $$I$$ leads to increased $$U$$ and decreased $$[G]$$

Question 10

Which gland is responsible for producing melatonin, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Pineal gland; regulates circadian rhythms.

Question 11

A patient with hyperparathyroidism is likely to have which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

High blood calcium levels.

Question 12

Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is involved in the 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of growth hormone ($$GH) in $$the body?

Accepted Answer

Promotes cell growth and protein synthesis.

Question 14

A patient with Addison's disease is likely to have a deficiency in which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 15

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the pancreas as an endocrine organ?

Accepted Answer

Production of insulin and glucagon to regulate blood glucose.

Question 17

A patient is experiencing symptoms of acromegaly. Which hormone is most likely elevated?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of parathyroid hormone ($$PTH) on $$bone and blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

$$PTH$$ increases bone resorption and increases blood calcium.

Question 19

Which hormone is released in response to low blood glucose and acts to increase blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 20

A patient with Grave's disease is likely to have which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Increased metabolic rate and weight loss.

The Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Disorders

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