$$\text{Total Burn Area} = (\text{Number of sections affected}) \times 9\%$$

Question 1

Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for shock absorption and insulation?

Accepted Answer

Subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that is red, swollen, and painful, but does not have blisters. Which type of burn is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

First-degree burn

Question 3

Which cell type in the epidermis is responsible for producing the pigment that protects against UV radiation?

Accepted Answer

Melanocytes

Question 4

What is the main function of eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Thermoregulation through sweat production

Question 5

Which layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin, such as the palms and soles?

Accepted Answer

Stratum lucidum

Question 6

A surgeon makes an incision parallel to cleavage (tension) lines in the skin. What is the expected outcome?

Accepted Answer

Faster healing and less scarring

Question 7

Which pigment is responsible for the yellow to orange coloration in the skin and can be converted to vitamin A?

Accepted Answer

Carotene

Question 8

A patient with low oxygenation of hemoglobin presents with bluish skin. What is this condition called?

Accepted Answer

Cyanosis

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the stratum corneum?

Accepted Answer

Protection from abrasion and penetration

Question 10

A patient is exposed to organic solvents without protection. Which organ system is most at risk for immediate damage?

Accepted Answer

Renal (kidneys)

Question 11

Which type of skin cancer is most likely to metastasize and is highly resistant to chemotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Melanoma

Question 12

Which structure in the skin is responsible for detecting deep pressure?

Accepted Answer

Lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscle

Question 13

A patient presents with silvery white scars after rapid weight gain. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Striae (stretch marks) due to dermal tears

Question 14

Which equation best estimates the percentage of body surface area affected by burns using the rule of nines?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Total Burn Area} = (	ext{Number of sections affected}) 	imes 9\%$$

Question 15

Which gland is responsible for producing an oily secretion that softens hair and skin and has bactericidal properties?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous gland

Question 16

A patient develops coarse, long hair in a masculine distribution due to excess androgen production. What is this condition called?

Accepted Answer

Hirsutism

Question 17

Which layer of the epidermis contains actively dividing stem cells and is firmly attached to the dermis?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 18

Which of the following is a metabolic function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of vitamin D for calcium absorption

Question 19

A patient presents with horizontal lines across their nails after chemotherapy. What is this finding called?

Accepted Answer

Beau's lines

Question 20

Which type of sweat gland is most responsible for body odor due to bacterial breakdown of its secretions?

Accepted Answer

Apocrine sweat gland

Question 21

Which layer of the dermis is responsible for forming friction ridges that enhance gripping ability and leave fingerprints?

Accepted Answer

Papillary dermis

The Integumentary System: Structure and Function

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