Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of keratinocytes in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

They produce keratin, a fibrous protein that provides protection.

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that is red, swollen, and painful, but does not have blisters. Which degree of burn does this most likely represent?

Accepted Answer

First-degree burn

Question 3

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for continuous cell division and production of all other layers?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 4

A surgeon makes an incision parallel to the skin's cleavage (tension) lines. What is the most likely benefit of this approach?

Accepted Answer

Faster healing and less conspicuous scarring

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why a third-degree burn is often painless at first?

Accepted Answer

The burn destroys nerve endings in the affected area.

Question 6

Which pigment is primarily responsible for the yellow-orange coloration of the skin, especially in the stratum corneum and subcutaneous layer?

Accepted Answer

Carotene

Question 7

A patient with albinism has very light skin and hair. What is the underlying cause of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Inherited inability to produce melanin

Question 8

Which structure in the dermis is responsible for detecting deep pressure and vibration?

Accepted Answer

Pacinian (lamellated) corpuscle

Question 9

A person develops a callus on their hand after repeated friction from using hand tools. Which process best explains this adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Stimulation of cell division in the stratum basale, leading to thickening of the stratum corneum

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the subcutaneous (hypodermis) layer?

Accepted Answer

Attachment of skin to underlying tissues and detection of deep pressure

Question 11

A patient is diagnosed with melanoma. Which cell type is primarily involved in this form of skin cancer?

Accepted Answer

Melanocyte

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of Langerhans (dendritic) cells in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

They participate in immune responses by detecting pathogens.

Question 13

A patient with a cut that only damages the epidermis will likely experience which of the following outcomes?

Accepted Answer

No bleeding, as the epidermis is avascular

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why fair-skinned individuals often appear pinkish?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin in erythrocytes flowing through dermal capillaries

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of the reticular region of the dermis?

Accepted Answer

Composed mainly of dense irregular connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers

Question 16

A patient presents with a mole that has changed in color, shape, and size. Which type of skin cancer should be most suspected?

Accepted Answer

Melanoma

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of sebaceous (oil) glands?

Accepted Answer

They secrete sebum to hydrate and moisten the skin and hair.

Question 18

A person with a genetic mutation that prevents the formation of arrector pili muscles would most likely have difficulty with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Generating goosebumps in response to cold or fear

Question 19

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between body surface area (BSA) and the mass of the skin, given that the skin covers about 2 $$\mathrm{m}^2$$ and weighs about 5 kg?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{mass of skin} = \mathrm{BSA} 	imes 2.5\ \mathrm{kg/m}^2$$

Question 20

A patient with a third-degree burn over 20% of their body is at greatest immediate risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

The Integumentary System: Structure and Function of the Skin

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