Question 1

Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for synthesizing vitamin D when exposed to sunlight?

Accepted Answer

Epidermis

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that has destroyed the entire thickness of the skin, appears white and is not painful. Which type of burn is this, and why is it life-threatening?

Accepted Answer

Third-degree burn; because it leads to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

Question 3

Which cell type in the epidermis is most directly involved in immune defense?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic cells

Question 4

A person with fair skin appears blue after a severe asthma attack. What is the most likely cause of this skin color change?

Accepted Answer

Low oxygenation of hemoglobin

Question 5

Which layer of the epidermis is only present in thick skin, such as the palms and soles?

Accepted Answer

Stratum lucidum

Question 6

What is the main function of the arrector pili muscle in the hair follicle?

Accepted Answer

Contracts to make hair stand erect, causing goose bumps

Question 7

Which pigment is responsible for the yellow-orange coloration of the skin, especially in the palms and soles?

Accepted Answer

Carotene

Question 8

A patient has a scaly, reddened papule on the lower lip that has started to grow rapidly. Which type of skin cancer is most likely, and which cell type is involved?

Accepted Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma; keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum

Question 9

Which sweat gland type is most numerous and plays a key role in thermoregulation?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine sweat glands

Question 10

If a person has a genetic mutation that prevents the production of tyrosine, which pigment would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Melanin

Question 11

Which layer of the dermis is responsible for fingerprints and increased gripping ability?

Accepted Answer

Papillary dermis

Question 12

A patient presents with a yellow cast to their skin and eyes. Which condition is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Jaundice due to liver disorder

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of sebum produced by sebaceous glands?

Accepted Answer

Regulates body temperature

Question 14

Which structure anchors the skin to underlying muscles and absorbs shock?

Accepted Answer

Hypodermis

Question 15

A patient with Addison's disease presents with bronzing of the skin. What is the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Inadequate steroid hormones leading to increased ACTH and melanin

Question 16

Which layer of the epidermis contains cells that are actively dividing and is attached to the underlying dermis?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 17

Which type of sweat gland is associated with hair follicles and becomes active at puberty, producing a viscous secretion?

Accepted Answer

Apocrine sweat gland

Question 18

A patient is diagnosed with melanoma. Which of the following is a key sign according to the ABCD rule?

Accepted Answer

Border irregularity

Question 19

Which formula is used to estimate the volume of fluid loss in burn patients?

Accepted Answer

Rule of nines

Question 20

Which of the following changes occurs in the skin as a person ages from middle to old age?

Accepted Answer

Thinning of the skin and decreased elasticity

The Integumentary System: Structure and Function of Skin

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