Question 1

Which of the following best explains why the skin is able to act as a physical barrier to most water and water-soluble substances?

Accepted Answer

The presence of keratinized cells in the stratum corneum surrounded by glycolipids

Question 2

A patient presents with a rapidly growing, irregularly pigmented skin lesion. According to the ABCD rule for melanoma, which characteristic is LEAST likely to indicate malignancy?

Accepted Answer

Symmetry of the lesion

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Thermoregulation through evaporative cooling

Question 4

A burn patient is evaluated using the Rule of Nines. If both legs (anterior and posterior) are burned, what percentage of the total body surface area is affected?

Accepted Answer

$$36\%$$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of dendritic (Langerhans) cells in the skin?

Accepted Answer

They act as phagocytic cells that present antigens to white blood cells, activating the immune response.

Question 6

A 25-year-old athlete notices increased sweating on his palms and forehead during a stressful event. Which type of gland is primarily responsible for this response, and what is the main component of its secretion?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine sweat gland; secretion is mostly water with salts and metabolic wastes

Question 7

Which of the following scenarios would be considered a critical burn injury according to clinical guidelines?

Accepted Answer

Third-degree burns covering the hands and feet

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine glands are distributed widely and function in thermoregulation, while apocrine glands are localized and become active at puberty.

Question 9

A patient with a history of crash dieting and severe emotional trauma presents with sudden, diffuse hair thinning. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Telogen effluvium

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why the skin is able to synthesize vitamin D?

Accepted Answer

UV radiation converts a cholesterol derivative in the skin to vitamin D precursor

Question 11

A 60-year-old man presents with a slowly enlarging, pearly nodule on his face. Biopsy reveals proliferation of basal cells. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of sebum produced by sebaceous glands?

Accepted Answer

Inhibits bacterial growth and lubricates the skin and hair

Question 13

A patient with a third-degree burn over the anterior trunk and right arm is at greatest risk for which of the following complications in the first 24 hours?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the arrector pili muscle?

Accepted Answer

Contracts to cause 'goose bumps' by pulling the hair follicle upright

Question 15

Which of the following substances is LEAST likely to penetrate the physical barrier of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Water-soluble ions

Question 16

A 45-year-old woman develops a scaly, reddened papule on her scalp that grows rapidly. Which type of skin cancer is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence of layers in a hair shaft from innermost to outermost?

Accepted Answer

Medulla, cortex, cuticle

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible reason why elderly individuals are more prone to skin cancer?

Accepted Answer

Decreased numbers of melanocytes and dendritic cells

Question 19

A newborn is covered in a white, cheesy substance at birth. What is the function of this substance?

Accepted Answer

It is a sebaceous gland secretion that protects the skin of the fetus in utero

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why apocrine sweat glands are associated with body odor?

Accepted Answer

Their secretion contains fatty substances and proteins that are broken down by bacteria

The Integumentary System: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

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