Question 1

A patient presents with a wound that has damaged the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, exposing underlying muscle tissue. According to the classification of burns, which type of burn does this patient have?

Accepted Answer

Third-degree burn

Question 2

Which of the following best explains why the epidermis is limited in thickness compared to the dermis?

Accepted Answer

The epidermis is avascular and relies on diffusion of oxygen and nutrients from the dermis.

Question 3

A person is exposed to cold weather, causing their skin to appear pale. Which physiological process is primarily responsible for this change in skin color?

Accepted Answer

Cutaneous vasoconstriction

Question 4

A patient with a suspicious skin lesion is evaluated using the ABCDE rule. The lesion is asymmetrical, has an irregular border, is blue-black in color, and is evolving in size. Which type of skin cancer is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Malignant melanoma

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the arrector pili muscle?

Accepted Answer

It causes the hair to stand up, producing 'goosebumps.'

Question 6

A patient with a genetic defect in the enzyme tyrosinase would most likely have which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Reduced melanin synthesis, leading to lighter skin and hair

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why thick skin on the palms and soles does not contain hair follicles?

Accepted Answer

Thick skin is adapted to mechanical stress and contains all five epidermal layers but no hair follicles.

Question 8

A person with a diet high in carrots and sweet potatoes develops a yellow-orange tint to their skin, especially on the palms. Which pigment is responsible for this change?

Accepted Answer

Carotene

Question 9

During thermoregulation, which of the following events occurs when body temperature rises above the normal range?

Accepted Answer

Cutaneous vasodilation and increased sweating

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the stratum granulosum in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

It contains cells with keratin bundles and lipid-based granules that provide waterproofing.

Question 11

A patient with a wound that only damages the epidermis and presents with mild pain and erythema is most likely experiencing which type of burn?

Accepted Answer

First-degree burn

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of sebum produced by sebaceous glands?

Accepted Answer

It provides a hydrophobic barrier to inhibit water loss from the skin.

Question 13

A patient presents with a bluish tint to their skin and mucous membranes. Which of the following best explains this finding?

Accepted Answer

Decreased oxygenation of hemoglobin

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of vitamin D synthesis in the skin?

Accepted Answer

Cells in the stratum basale convert cholecalciferol to calcitriol, which is necessary for calcium absorption.

Question 15

A patient with a deep laceration that severs the dermal papillae would most likely experience which of the following consequences?

Accepted Answer

Loss of tactile (Meissner) corpuscle function and reduced light touch sensation

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why individuals with darker skin have a lower risk of developing skin cancer from UV exposure?

Accepted Answer

Their melanocytes produce more melanin, which absorbs and protects DNA from UV-induced mutations.

Question 17

A patient with a scaly, ulcerated plaque on the scalp is diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma. Which layer of the epidermis did this cancer most likely originate from?

Accepted Answer

Stratum spinosum

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of proteoglycans in the reticular layer of the dermis?

Accepted Answer

They draw water into the ground substance, keeping the skin firm and hydrated.

Question 19

A patient with a mutation that prevents the formation of desmosomes in the epidermis would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Increased susceptibility to mechanical trauma due to weaker connections between keratinocytes

Question 20

A person with a deficiency in vitamin D would most likely experience which of the following physiological consequences?

Accepted Answer

Impaired calcium ion absorption from the small intestine

The Integumentary System: Structure, Function, and Pathology

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard