Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of lacteals in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

They transport absorbed fats into the circulatory system.

Question 2

A patient presents with localized swelling in the lower limb after lymph node removal due to cancer. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Lymphedema caused by compromised lymphatic drainage

Question 3

Which of the following statements about lymphatic capillaries is correct?

Accepted Answer

Their endothelial cells overlap loosely, forming valve-like flaps.

Question 4

Which lymphatic duct drains lymph from the left arm, left side of the head, neck, thorax, and areas below the diaphragm?

Accepted Answer

Thoracic duct

Question 5

A person with a splenectomy is at increased risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Impaired filtration of blood-borne pathogens

Question 6

Which of the following is a cardinal sign of inflammation caused by increased capillary permeability?

Accepted Answer

Swelling

Question 7

Which antibody class is most abundant in plasma and can cross the placenta to provide immunity to the fetus?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 8

A child receives antibodies from her mother through breast milk. This is an example of which type of immunity?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why fever can be beneficial during infection?

Accepted Answer

It increases metabolism and tissue repair, and inhibits pathogen reproduction.

Question 10

Which cell type is responsible for immune surveillance and can destroy cancer cells without prior exposure?

Accepted Answer

Natural killer (NK) cells

Question 11

A patient develops an autoimmune disease after a viral infection. Which mechanism best explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Cross-reactivity of antibodies to self-antigens due to changes in antigen structure.

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the flow of lymph from the tissues back to the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic capillaries → collecting vessels → lymphatic trunks → collecting ducts → subclavian veins

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of the thymus gland?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of T cell maturation and selection.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the complement system in immunity?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a membrane attack complex causing cytolysis

Question 15

A person with AIDS is highly susceptible to infections because HIV primarily destroys which type of cell?

Accepted Answer

Helper T cells (CD4)

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of antigen presentation?

Accepted Answer

Antigen is phagocytized, degraded, and fragments are displayed on the cell surface with MHC molecules.

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immunity has memory and specificity for particular pathogens.

Question 18

Which antibody class is primarily responsible for the primary immune response and is a pentamer in plasma?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 19

A patient experiences anaphylactic shock after exposure to peanuts. Which antibody class is most directly involved in this reaction?

Accepted Answer

IgE

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why exercise increases lymphatic return?

Accepted Answer

Exercise activates the skeletal muscle pump, which moves lymph through lymphatic vessels.

The Lymphatic and Immune Systems: Structure, Function, and Defense Mechanisms

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