Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of lymphatic vessels in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They return interstitial fluid that has leaked from the blood back to the circulatory system.

Question 2

A patient has a blockage in the thoracic duct. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Impaired absorption of digested fats from the intestine.

Question 3

Which cell type is primarily responsible for producing antibodies during the humoral immune response?

Accepted Answer

Plasma cells

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why the skin is considered a nonspecific defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a mechanical barrier preventing pathogen entry.

Question 5

A child receives antibodies from her mother through breast milk. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of the spleen?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of aged red blood cells

Question 7

Which antibody class is most abundant in the blood and can cross the placenta to provide immunity to the fetus?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 8

A patient is diagnosed with an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the myelin of the brain and spinal cord. Which disease is this?

Accepted Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of complement protein C3b in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

It binds to microbes and promotes their phagocytosis (opsonization).

Question 10

A person is exposed to a weakened form of a virus through vaccination. Which type of immunity is being induced?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired active immunity

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why cytotoxic T cells are important in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They directly destroy infected or abnormal cells presenting antigen with class I MHC.

Question 12

Which process is described by the following sequence: chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, and destruction of microbes?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 13

A patient experiences redness, heat, swelling, and pain after a cut becomes infected. Which process is responsible for these signs?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between class I and class II MHC molecules?

Accepted Answer

Class I MHC is found on all nucleated cells except red blood cells; class II MHC is found on antigen-presenting cells.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the activation of a B cell during the humoral immune response?

Accepted Answer

Antigen presentation by macrophage → Helper T cell activation → Helper T cell secretes interleukin 2 → B cell activation

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of interferons in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They are produced by virus-infected cells and help protect neighboring cells from viral infection.

Question 17

A patient develops a severe allergic reaction (anaphylactic shock) after exposure to peanuts. Which immunoglobulin is primarily responsible for this response?

Accepted Answer

IgE

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why memory cells are important in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

They allow for a faster and stronger response upon re-exposure to the same antigen.

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of natural killer (NK) cells?

Accepted Answer

They kill a wide variety of infected or tumor cells without prior activation.

Question 20

A patient receives an injection of gamma globulin after exposure to hepatitis A. Which type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

The Lymphatic and Immune Systems: Structure, Function, and Disorders

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