Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Returning interstitial fluid to the bloodstream and providing immune defense

Question 2

A patient has a blockage in their thoracic duct. Which of the following consequences is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of lymph in the lower body tissues (lymphedema)

Question 3

Which lymphoid organ is responsible for the maturation of T lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

Thymus

Question 4

A researcher is studying the structure of a lymph node. Which of the following is found in the medullary region?

Accepted Answer

Medullary cords and sinuses

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of the spleen in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

It filters blood, removes old erythrocytes, and initiates immune responses to blood-borne antigens

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with a deficiency in B lymphocytes. Which of the following immune functions would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Production of antibodies

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why lymphatic capillaries are highly permeable?

Accepted Answer

They have overlapping endothelial cells that function as one-way mini-valves

Question 8

During an immune response, which of the following best describes the interaction between antibodies and antigens?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies bind to antigens, neutralizing them or marking them for destruction by phagocytes

Question 9

A laboratory experiment uses the Ouchterlony double-gel diffusion technique. What is the primary purpose of this experiment?

Accepted Answer

To detect antigen-antibody reactions by observing precipitin lines

Question 10

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between hydrostatic pressure ($$P_{h}$$), osmotic pressure ($$P_{o}$$), and net filtration pressure ($$NFP) in $$capillary exchange?

Accepted Answer

$$NFP = P_{h} - P_{o}$$

Question 11

A patient has an infection that causes swelling of the cervical lymph nodes. What is the most likely explanation for this swelling?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of lymphocytes and macrophages responding to pathogens

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the structure of an antibody is correct?

Accepted Answer

The antigen-binding site is formed by the variable regions of both the heavy and light chains

Question 13

A patient with a splenectomy (removal of the spleen) is at increased risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Increased susceptibility to blood-borne infections

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the flow of lymph through a lymph node?

Accepted Answer

Afferent lymphatic vessel → subcapsular sinus → medullary sinus → efferent lymphatic vessel

Question 15

Which of the following is a key difference between B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

B lymphocytes produce antibodies, while T lymphocytes mediate cellular immunity

Question 16

A patient presents with edema in the lower extremities. Which of the following is the most likely cause related to the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Obstruction of lymphatic vessels preventing return of interstitial fluid to the bloodstream

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of lymphatic valves?

Accepted Answer

They prevent the backflow of lymph, ensuring one-way movement toward the heart

Question 18

A laboratory test detects the presence of goat anti-horse albumin antibodies in a sample. What does this indicate about the sample?

Accepted Answer

It contains horse albumin antigen

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why lymphatic vessels are not found in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

The CNS is protected by the blood-brain barrier, which restricts entry of immune cells and large molecules

Question 20

A patient is exposed to a novel pathogen. Which of the following best describes the sequence of immune response events?

Accepted Answer

Antigen presentation → activation of T cells → activation of B cells → antibody production

The Lymphatic System and Immune Response: Structure and Function

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