$$N_{synapses} = N_{neurons} \times S_{avg}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To control and communicate information throughout the body

Question 2

Which anatomical division of the nervous system is responsible for connecting the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 3

A patient suffers damage to the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. Which part of the nervous system is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Blood cell production

Question 5

The motor (efferent) division of the peripheral nervous system is divided into which two parts?

Accepted Answer

Somatic and autonomic nervous systems

Question 6

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for 'fight or flight' responses?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division

Question 7

Which type of neuron is most commonly found in the central nervous system and is involved in higher functions such as memory and learning?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 8

Which of the following correctly matches the neuron type with its primary location?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar neurons – found in the sensory part of the PNS

Question 9

Which cell type is responsible for forming the myelin sheath around axons in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 10

A patient is experiencing muscle weakness due to demyelination in the peripheral nervous system. Which cell type is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE regarding neurons?

Accepted Answer

Neurons require a constant supply of oxygen and glucose

Question 12

Which neuroglia cell type is responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of microglia in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Act as phagocytes to clean up debris and pathogens

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the transmission of a nerve impulse?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite → cell body → axon → axon terminal

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of ependymal cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Line the ventricles and central canal, secrete and circulate cerebrospinal fluid

Question 16

Which equation best represents the relationship between the number of neurons and their synaptic connections in the human CNS?

Accepted Answer

$$N_{synapses} = N_{neurons} 	imes S_{avg}$$

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin allows for saltatory conduction between nodes of Ranvier

Question 18

A patient has a lesion affecting the dorsal root ganglia. Which function is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input from the body to the CNS

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of the synapse?

Accepted Answer

A junction where a neuron transmits a signal to another cell

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between gray matter and white matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter consists of unmyelinated cell bodies and processes; white matter consists of myelinated axons

The Nervous System: Structure and Function

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