Question 1

Which of the following best describes the three main functions of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input, integration, and motor output

Question 2

A patient touches a hot stove and immediately withdraws their hand. Which sequence correctly describes the pathway of this reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Sensory receptor → Sensory neuron → Interneuron → Motor neuron → Effector

Question 3

Which of the following statements about axons and dendrites is correct?

Accepted Answer

Axons conduct impulses away from the cell body, while dendrites transmit signals toward the cell body.

Question 4

A patient has lost the ability to feel pain and temperature in a specific area of their skin after a spinal injury. This area is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Dermatome

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS consists of nerves and ganglia outside the CNS.

Question 6

Which type of neuron is responsible for carrying impulses from sensory receptors toward the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Sensory (afferent) neuron

Question 7

A patient is unable to contract their skeletal muscles voluntarily. Which division of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic motor division

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a converging neuronal circuit?

Accepted Answer

Multiple presynaptic neurons synapse on a single postsynaptic neuron.

Question 9

Which connective tissue layer immediately surrounds individual axons and their neurolemma in a peripheral nerve?

Accepted Answer

Endoneurium

Question 10

A patient presents with loss of function in both sensory and motor pathways in a limb. Which part of the spinal nerve is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

The mixed spinal nerve proper

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the organization of gray and white matter in the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter contains nerve cell bodies and forms an 'H' shape in cross-section.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They form the myelin sheath around axons.

Question 13

A patient has a lesion affecting the anterior (ventral) root of a spinal nerve. Which of the following symptoms would you expect?

Accepted Answer

Loss of motor function in the affected area

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the dorsal and ventral rami of spinal nerves?

Accepted Answer

Both rami contain sensory and motor fibers and innervate different regions of the body.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a reverberating neuronal circuit?

Accepted Answer

A circuit in which a neuron receives feedback from another neuron in the same circuit, allowing the signal to persist until fatigue or inhibition.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the visceral motor (autonomic) division of the PNS?

Accepted Answer

Voluntary contraction of skeletal muscle

Question 17

A patient is unable to feel vibration, touch, or proprioception in their right arm. Which division of the PNS is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic sensory division

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why dermatomes on the trunk overlap significantly, while those on the limbs do not?

Accepted Answer

Trunk dermatomes are innervated by multiple spinal nerves, while limb dermatomes are innervated by a single spinal nerve.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of interneurons in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They are located entirely within the CNS and connect sensory and motor neurons.

Question 20

A patient has a tumor compressing the dorsal root ganglion of a spinal nerve. Which symptom is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Loss of sensation in the area supplied by that nerve

The Nervous System: Structure and Function

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