Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

It serves as the integrative and control center, processing and interpreting sensory input and deciding on a response.

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts the transmission of signals from the CNS to skeletal muscles. Which division of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system of the motor (efferent) division

Question 3

Which neuroglial cell is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and regulating the blood-brain barrier

Question 5

A neuron with one axon and multiple dendrites is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Multipolar

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of microglia in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They act as immune cells, removing debris and pathogens.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the myelin sheath is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It increases the speed of nerve impulse transmission along the axon.

Question 8

A person is experiencing increased heart rate, dilated pupils, and inhibited digestion. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is most active?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of ependymal cells?

Accepted Answer

They line the internal cavities of the CNS and help circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 10

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the structural classification of neurons?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neurons are the most common type in the CNS.

Question 11

A patient has damage to the Schwann cells in their peripheral nervous system. Which of the following symptoms would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Slower nerve impulse conduction in peripheral nerves

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between the CNS and PNS?

Accepted Answer

The CNS is the integrative and control center, while the PNS connects the CNS to the rest of the body.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of neuroglial cell and its function?

Accepted Answer

Astrocyte – regulates the extracellular environment in the CNS

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin allows for saltatory conduction, where impulses jump between nodes of Ranvier.

Question 15

A neuron that transmits impulses from sensory receptors in the skin to the CNS is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Sensory (afferent) neuron

Question 16

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the integration function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

The brain processes sensory input and decides to withdraw the hand from a hot surface.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Accepted Answer

It regulates involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of dendritic spines on neurons?

Accepted Answer

They increase the connectivity between neurons, contributing to learning and memory.

Question 19

A person is experiencing difficulty with memory and learning. Which neuronal structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic spines

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the functional classification of neurons?

Accepted Answer

Motor neurons carry impulses from the CNS to effectors such as muscles and glands.

The Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Cellular Organization

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