Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of voltage-gated Ca$$^{2+}$$ channels at a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

They permit Ca$$^{2+} to $$enter the axon terminal, triggering neurotransmitter release.

Question 2

A patient with Parkinson's disease is most likely to have a deficiency in which neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Question 3

Which process is responsible for terminating the effects of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 4

Which type of postsynaptic potential results from the opening of chemically gated channels allowing simultaneous Na$$^+$$ influx and K$$^+$$ efflux?

Accepted Answer

Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)

Question 5

If a neurotransmitter opens Cl$$^-$$ channels on the postsynaptic membrane, what is the likely effect?

Accepted Answer

Hyperpolarization and decreased likelihood of action potential

Question 6

Which equation best represents the Nernst potential for an ion X across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$E_X = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[X]_{out}}{[X]_{in}} \right)$$

Question 7

Which neurotransmitter is most abundant and excitatory in the CNS, and is associated with learning and memory?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Question 8

A neuron receives multiple EPSPs and IPSPs simultaneously. What determines whether an action potential will be generated?

Accepted Answer

The summation of all EPSPs and IPSPs at the axon hillock

Question 9

Which type of neural circuit is most effective at regulating rhythmic activities such as breathing?

Accepted Answer

Reverberating circuit

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why synaptic transmission is slower than action potential propagation along an axon?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitter release, diffusion, and receptor binding take time

Question 11

Which neurotransmitter is synthesized from acetic acid and choline, and is degraded by acetylcholinesterase?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about GABA?

Accepted Answer

It is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS.

Question 13

Which type of neurotransmitter receptor is described as indirect, complex, slow, and often prolonged in its effects?

Accepted Answer

G protein-linked receptor

Question 14

Which of the following best describes spatial summation?

Accepted Answer

Multiple synaptic inputs arrive at different locations on the postsynaptic neuron simultaneously.

Question 15

Which neurotransmitter is associated with the 'fight or flight' response and can have opposite effects depending on the receptor type?

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of endocannabinoids in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They modulate appetite, learning, and memory.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of neuronal pools in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They integrate and process information from multiple sources.

Question 18

Which circuit type allows one input to produce multiple outputs, such as activating several skeletal muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Diverging circuit

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the development of neurons?

Accepted Answer

Most neurons become amitotic after birth, but some in the hippocampus can divide.

Question 20

A patient is given a drug that blocks acetylcholinesterase. What is the expected effect at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Increased acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft and prolonged muscle contraction

The Nervous System: Synaptic Transmission and Neurotransmitters

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica