Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the axial skeleton?

Accepted Answer

It supports and protects the organs of the head, neck, and trunk.

Question 2

Approximately what percentage of the body's calcium ions ($$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}) $$are stored in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

98%

Question 3

Which cell type is responsible for breaking down bone matrix and releasing calcium and phosphate into the blood?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 4

A patient is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which imbalance in bone cell activity most likely contributed to this condition?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast activity exceeds osteoblast activity.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why bone is both strong and resilient?

Accepted Answer

Bone matrix is a combination of mineral crystals (hydroxyapatite) and collagen fibers.

Question 6

During bone repair after a fracture, which process occurs first?

Accepted Answer

Bleeding creates a hematoma at the fracture site.

Question 7

Which vitamin is essential for collagen synthesis and osteoblast differentiation during bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 8

What is the name of the process by which bone tissue replaces hyaline cartilage during fetal development and growth?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 9

Which structure in a long bone contains yellow bone marrow and is important for energy storage?

Accepted Answer

Medullary cavity

Question 10

A child suffers a fracture near the epiphyseal plate. What is the most significant long-term risk associated with this injury?

Accepted Answer

Interference with bone growth and potential limb length discrepancy

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of canaliculi in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

They connect osteocytes within lacunae, allowing communication and nutrient exchange.

Question 12

Which type of bone tissue is best at resisting force from multiple directions due to its structure?

Accepted Answer

Spongy bone (trabecular bone)

Question 13

Which hormone increases osteoclast activity, raising blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Question 14

What is the main difference between intramembranous and endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Intramembranous ossification forms bone from fibrous connective tissue, while endochondral ossification forms bone from hyaline cartilage.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during the healing of a bone fracture?

Accepted Answer

Formation of hematoma → formation of external callus → formation of spongy bone → remodeling of bone

Question 16

Which structure is responsible for anchoring the periosteum to the bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Sharpey's fibers (perforating fibers)

Question 17

Which type of lamellae surrounds the entire outer surface of compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Circumferential lamellae

Question 18

A patient with vitamin D deficiency is likely to experience which of the following problems related to bone health?

Accepted Answer

Impaired absorption of calcium and phosphate, leading to weakened bones

Question 19

Which of the following best describes appositional growth in bones?

Accepted Answer

Addition of new layers to the outer surface, increasing bone thickness

Question 20

Which bone cell type is derived from monocytes and is not a descendant of osteoprogenitor cells?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

The Skeletal System: Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

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