Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Question 2

A long bone such as the femur is characterized by which of the following features?

Accepted Answer

It has a shaft called the diaphysis and two ends called epiphyses.

Question 3

Which bone marking is defined as a rounded passageway for blood vessels and/or nerves?

Accepted Answer

Foramen

Question 4

Which cell type is responsible for bone resorption and the release of stored minerals?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 5

Compact bone is organized into structural units called osteons. What is the main function of osteons?

Accepted Answer

They provide strength and support for weight-bearing.

Question 6

Endochondral ossification differs from intramembranous ossification in that:

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification replaces hyaline cartilage with bone.

Question 7

During bone remodeling, which process occurs if bone deposition exceeds bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Bones become stronger and thicker.

Question 8

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 9

A patient presents with a greenstick fracture. Which statement best describes this type of fracture?

Accepted Answer

It is an incomplete fracture where the bone bends and cracks, common in children.

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents the formation of hydroxyapatite, the main mineral in bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_3$$($$PO_4)_2 + Ca(OH)_2$$ \rightarrow $$Ca_5$$($$PO_4)_3(OH$$)$$

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why astronauts experience rapid bone loss during extended periods in microgravity?

Accepted Answer

Lack of weight-bearing exercise reduces osteoblast activity, leading to increased bone resorption.

Question 12

Which vitamin is essential for collagen synthesis and stimulation of osteoblast differentiation?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 13

A patient with osteoporosis is most likely to experience which of the following changes?

Accepted Answer

Reduction in bone mass and increased risk of fractures

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct sequence for fracture healing?

Accepted Answer

Fracture hematoma formation → Callus formation → Spongy bone formation → Bone remodeling

Question 15

Which of the following bone shapes is best exemplified by the vertebrae?

Accepted Answer

Irregular bones

Question 16

Which process is responsible for the formation of the clavicle and mandible?

Accepted Answer

Intramembranous ossification

Question 17

Which of the following statements about spongy bone is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It contains trabeculae and is filled with bone marrow.

Question 18

Which hormone decreases blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 19

Which of the following is a depression or groove along a bone surface?

Accepted Answer

Fossa

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of aging on the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Bones become thinner and weaker, leading to increased risk of fractures and tooth loss.

The Skeletal System: Structure, Function, and Physiology

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