$$\text{Blood Ca}^{2+} \downarrow \xrightarrow{\text{PTH}} \text{Bone resorption} \rightarrow \text{Blood Ca}^{2+} \uparrow$$

$$\text{Osteoclast activity} \uparrow \rightarrow \text{Blood Ca}^{2+} \uparrow$$

$$\text{Calcitonin} \uparrow \rightarrow \text{Blood Ca}^{2+} \downarrow$$

Question 1

Which of the following bones is classified as a flat bone and is formed by intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Scapula

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture at the diaphysis of the humerus. Which part of the bone is affected?

Accepted Answer

The shaft of the bone

Question 3

Which cell type is responsible for bone resorption, and what is the main effect of its activity?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast; releases calcium ions into the bloodstream

Question 4

During endochondral ossification, bones develop initially from which tissue?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Blood Ca}^{2+} \downarrow \xrightarrow{	ext{PTH}} 	ext{Bone resorption} ightarrow 	ext{Blood Ca}^{2+} \uparrow$$

Question 6

Which structure is responsible for covering the shaft of a long bone and plays a role in bone growth and repair?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum

Question 7

A child’s long bones are still lengthening. Which structure is responsible for this continued growth?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 8

Which joint type allows for the greatest range of motion and is exemplified by the hip and shoulder?

Accepted Answer

Ball and socket joint

Question 9

Which of the following correctly matches the bone cell with its function?

Accepted Answer

Osteocyte: maintains bone matrix

Question 10

A patient has a deficiency in osteoblast activity. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Decreased bone formation

Question 11

Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Sternum

Question 12

Which equation best describes the relationship between osteoclast activity and blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Osteoclast activity} \uparrow ightarrow 	ext{Blood Ca}^{2+} \uparrow$$

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 14

Which bone is classified as a sesamoid bone?

Accepted Answer

Patella

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the epiphyseal plate is correct?

Accepted Answer

It allows for the continuation of bone growth in length

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of the lamdoid suture?

Accepted Answer

It is between the occipital and parietal bones

Question 17

Which of the following bones forms the lower jaw and is a single bone?

Accepted Answer

Mandible

Question 18

Which equation best represents the effect of calcitonin on blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Calcitonin} \uparrow ightarrow 	ext{Blood Ca}^{2+} \downarrow$$

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the Haversian system (osteon)?

Accepted Answer

It is found in compact bone

Question 20

A patient has a joint injury at the symphysis pubis. What type of joint is affected?

Accepted Answer

Cartilaginous joint

The Skeletal System: Structure, Function, and Key Components

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