Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of ascending tracts in the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

They transmit sensory information from the body to the brain.

Question 2

The spinal cord is surrounded by three layers of meninges. Which is the correct order from superficial to deep?

Accepted Answer

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Question 3

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is found in which space surrounding the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Subarachnoid space

Question 4

A patient receives an epidural injection for pain relief. Into which space is the medication administered?

Accepted Answer

Epidural space

Question 5

Which anatomical structure marks the end of the spinal cord near L1?

Accepted Answer

Conus medullaris

Question 6

Why are the cervical and lumbar regions of the spinal cord enlarged?

Accepted Answer

They supply nerves to the upper and lower limbs, requiring more neural connections.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a mixed nerve?

Accepted Answer

A nerve containing both sensory and motor fibers

Question 8

In a cross-sectional view of the spinal cord, where are the cell bodies of motor neurons located?

Accepted Answer

Ventral horn of the gray matter

Question 9

Which tract carries pain and temperature sensations to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Spinothalamic tract

Question 10

A patient presents with flaccid paralysis. Which type of neuron is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Lower motor neuron

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding the organization of spinal tracts?

Accepted Answer

Ascending tracts are sensory and travel in white columns.

Question 12

Which nerve is a key component of the cervical plexus and is essential for diaphragm function?

Accepted Answer

Phrenic nerve

Question 13

What is a dermatome?

Accepted Answer

An area of skin supplied by sensory fibers from a single spinal nerve

Question 14

Which of the following reflexes is monosynaptic?

Accepted Answer

Stretch (patellar) reflex

Question 15

During the patellar reflex, which muscle contracts as the effector?

Accepted Answer

Quadriceps femoris

Question 16

Which of the following best explains the difference between a somatic and autonomic reflex?

Accepted Answer

Somatic reflexes involve skeletal muscle, autonomic reflexes involve cardiac and smooth muscle.

Question 17

Which of the following is a superficial reflex tested by stroking the sole of the foot?

Accepted Answer

Babinski reflex

Question 18

A positive Babinski sign in an adult may indicate:

Accepted Answer

Damage to upper motor neurons

Question 19

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between the number of spinal nerves and spinal segments?

Accepted Answer

$$N_{spinal\ nerves} = 31$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi tendon reflex?

Accepted Answer

It prevents muscle damage from excessive tension by causing relaxation.

The Spinal Cord: Structure, Function, and Reflexes

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