Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of the waist-to-hip ratio, and why is it clinically significant?

$$\text{Waist-to-hip ratio} = \frac{\text{Waist circumference}}{\text{Hip circumference}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

It surrounds cells and can be thick gel, fluid, or solid, providing structural support and regulating development.

Question 2

A tissue sample from the lining of the alveoli in the lungs is examined. Which type of epithelial tissue is most likely present, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium; allows for rapid diffusion of gases.

Question 3

Which cell type is primarily responsible for producing protein fibers in connective tissue, and what is one of its secreted products?

Accepted Answer

Fibroblast; secretes hyaluronan and protein fibers.

Question 4

A patient presents with a wound that is healing slowly due to poor blood supply. Which type of connective tissue is most likely involved, and why?

Accepted Answer

Dense regular connective tissue; it has few blood vessels and tightly packed collagen fibers.

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of the waist-to-hip ratio, and why is it clinically significant?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Waist-to-hip ratio} = \frac{	ext{Waist circumference}}{	ext{Hip circumference}}$$

Question 6

Which type of cartilage is most abundant in the body and serves as a precursor to the fetal skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage

Question 7

A histological slide shows cells with large spherical central nuclei arranged in a single layer, typically found in glands. What type of epithelial tissue is this?

Accepted Answer

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why bone tissue is stronger but less flexible than cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Bone contains a strong mineralized matrix formed from calcium and phosphate salts, which resists shattering.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of areolar connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Attaches skin, fills spaces, and surrounds/supports organs.

Question 10

A patient with chronic inflammation is tested for C-reactive protein (CRP). What does an elevated CRP level indicate?

Accepted Answer

Acute inflammation is present in the body.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between hypertrophy and hyperplasia?

Accepted Answer

Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size, while hyperplasia is an increase in cell number.

Question 12

Which type of membrane lines body cavities that open to the exterior and is associated with immune defense?

Accepted Answer

Mucous membrane (mucosa)

Question 13

Which cell type in connective tissue is responsible for storing fat?

Accepted Answer

Adipocyte

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of neurons in nervous tissue?

Accepted Answer

Neurons conduct nerve impulses (action potentials) and require a continuous supply of oxygen.

Question 15

During tissue repair, which process typically results in the formation of scar tissue?

Accepted Answer

Fibrosis

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of desmosomes in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

They provide strong cell-to-cell adhesion, helping tissues resist mechanical stress.

Question 17

Which type of connective tissue is found in the walls of large arteries and is characterized by its ability to stretch and recoil?

Accepted Answer

Elastic connective tissue

Question 18

A patient has a tumor that is classified as malignant. What does this mean regarding the tumor's behavior?

Accepted Answer

The tumor can metastasize and invade surrounding tissues.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains the role of mast cells in connective tissue during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Mast cells release chemicals such as histamine, heparin, and prostaglandins that mediate the inflammatory response.

Question 20

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of body mass index (BMI), and what does a high BMI indicate?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{BMI} = \frac{	ext{Weight (kg)}}{	ext{Height (m)}^2}$$; a high BMI indicates increased risk for metabolic diseases.

Tissues: Structure, Function, and Classification in Human Anatomy & Physiology

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