Question 1

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing blood glucose levels during stress, and which gland secretes it?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol, adrenal cortex

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the anatomical connection between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Vascular connection through the hypophyseal portal system

Question 3

Which hormone is released in response to low blood calcium levels, and what is its primary effect?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone; increases osteoclast activity to release calcium from bone

Question 4

A patient with a defective interventricular septum is likely to experience which of the following changes in stroke volume (SV) and EKG readings?

Accepted Answer

Decreased SV; abnormal QRS complex

Question 5

During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the semilunar valves open, and what is the corresponding EKG event?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular systole (second phase); QRS complex

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = DBP + \frac{1}{3}(SBP - DBP)$$

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct sequence of blood flow through the heart and lungs?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → left atrium

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in blood pressure regulation?

Accepted Answer

SNS increases heart rate and constricts blood vessels

Question 9

A patient presents with high TSH and low T3/T4 levels. Which thyroid disorder is most likely, and what is the feedback mechanism involved?

Accepted Answer

Primary hypothyroidism; loss of negative feedback increases TSH

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the hormone aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

Increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys

Question 11

Which type of capillary is most permeable and found in the liver and bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Sinusoidal capillaries

Question 12

Which of the following best explains the Frank-Starling law of the heart?

Accepted Answer

The greater the end-diastolic volume (EDV), the greater the force of contraction

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct formula for cardiac output (CO)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 14

Which event corresponds to the T-wave on an ECG?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular repolarization

Question 15

Which of the following factors would most likely increase net filtration at the capillary beds?

Accepted Answer

Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure

Question 16

Which of the following arteries is a major supplier to the upper limb?

Accepted Answer

Brachial artery

Question 17

Which of the following is a major vein that returns blood from the body to the right atrium?

Accepted Answer

Superior vena cava

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the thymus gland?

Accepted Answer

Matures T-lymphocytes for immune response

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood to the heart; systemic circulation delivers oxygenated blood to the body

Question 20

Which of the following is a direct effect of increased parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) activity on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Decreased heart rate

Unit 1 Study Guide: Endocrine System, Heart, and Blood Vessels

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard