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Exponents and Polynomials: Rules and Applications

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Exponents and Polynomials

The Quotient Rule for Exponents

The Quotient Rule for exponents is used when dividing exponential expressions with the same base. According to this rule, you subtract the exponent in the denominator from the exponent in the numerator.

  • Definition: For any nonzero number a and integers m and n,

Quotient Rule for Exponents

  • Key Point: The bases must be the same to apply this rule.

  • Zero Exponent Rule: Any nonzero number raised to the zero power is 1:

Zero Exponent Rule

  • Example 1:

y^7 divided by y^5

  • Example 2:

m^6 divided by m^6

  • Example 3:

y^27 divided by y^9

  • Example 4:

64 divided by 16

  • Example 5:

12b^11 divided by 4b^7

  • Example 6:

9x^2y^8 divided by 3xy^2

  • Example 7:

30x^5y^3z^3 divided by -15x^2y^3z

  • Example 8: , then

(x^2)^4 divided by (x^3)^3

  • Example 9:

9/16 divided by 3/4

  • Example 10:

9x^2y^8 divided by 3xy^2

  • Example 11:

(x^2)^4 divided by (x^3)^3

  • Example 12: (expression for practice)

(3x^4)/(y^2)

  • Example 13: (expression for practice)

5 divided by y

Summary Table: Exponent Rules

Name

Rule

Description

Product Rule

Multiply terms with the same base: add exponents

Quotient Rule

Divide terms with the same base: subtract exponents

Zero Exponent Rule

Any nonzero base to the zero power is 1

Power Rule

Raise a power to a power: multiply exponents

Power of a Product

Distribute exponent to each factor in parentheses

Power of a Quotient

Distribute exponent to numerator and denominator

Negative Exponent Rule

Negative exponent means reciprocal

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