$$\text{Glucose} + \text{Fructose} \rightarrow \text{Sucrose} + \text{H}_2\text{O}$$

$$\text{ATP} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{ADP} + \text{P}_i + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which property of water allows it to help maintain a stable internal body temperature despite external temperature fluctuations?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 2

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$ M. What is its pH, and is it acidic, neutral, or basic?

Accepted Answer

pH = 5; acidic

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They resist abrupt and large swings in pH

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct example of a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glucose} + 	ext{Fructose} ightarrow 	ext{Sucrose} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O}$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are important components of cell membranes due to their amphipathic nature

Question 6

A patient presents with an arterial pH of 6.8. What is the clinical significance of this finding?

Accepted Answer

It predicts a poor outcome, as survival is rare below pH 6.85

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fats are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have only single bonds, allowing them to pack tightly

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the body?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 9

Which level of protein structure is primarily determined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 10

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, speeding up reactions

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine

Question 12

What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose, while RNA contains ribose

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the structure of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups

Question 14

Which of the following reactions represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{ATP} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} ightarrow 	ext{ADP} + 	ext{P}_i + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of eicosanoids in the body?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of inflammation and blood clotting

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why glycogen is important in animals?

Accepted Answer

It is the primary storage form of carbohydrate in animals

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the effect of temperature and pH on protein structure?

Accepted Answer

Decreased pH or increased temperature can denature globular proteins

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between a monosaccharide and a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharides are the building blocks of disaccharides

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of a neutralization reaction?

Accepted Answer

An acid and a base react to form water and a salt

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes have active sites with unique shapes that fit only specific substrates

Biochemistry Foundations: Water, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids, and ATP

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