Question 1

Which tissue relies exclusively on glucose as its metabolic fuel under all physiological conditions?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells (RBC)

Question 2

During prolonged fasting (greater than 3-5 days), which fuel source does the brain primarily utilize?

Accepted Answer

Ketone bodies

Question 3

Which of the following is an essential amino acid?

Accepted Answer

Phenylalanine

Question 4

What is the energy density of fat compared to carbohydrates and protein?

Accepted Answer

Fat: 9 kcal/g, Carbs: 4 kcal/g, Protein: 4 kcal/g

Question 5

Which glucose transporter is insulin-dependent and found in muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

GLUT4

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the Gibbs free energy change?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T \Delta S$$

Question 7

Which of the following statements about glycolysis is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is irreversible at steps 1, 3, and 10.

Question 8

What is the net ATP yield from one molecule of glucose during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP

Question 9

Which vitamin is water-soluble?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B

Question 10

During the basal state (2-12 hours after eating), which process is primarily responsible for maintaining blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenolysis

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a product of catabolism?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids

Question 12

Which molecular technique is used to detect RNA?

Accepted Answer

Northern blot

Question 13

A population has a recessive disease frequency of 4%. What is the carrier frequency?

Accepted Answer

32%

Question 14

Which of the following is a positive nitrogen balance scenario?

Accepted Answer

Growth

Question 15

Which step in glycolysis is regulated by ATP and citrate?

Accepted Answer

Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)

Question 16

Which tissue is responsible for producing both glucose and ketone bodies during fasting?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the Warburg effect?

Accepted Answer

It describes increased glycolysis in cancer cells even in the presence of oxygen.

Question 18

Which formula represents the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for genotype frequencies?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 19

Which process is NOT used to sustain blood glucose levels during fasting?

Accepted Answer

Muscle glycogen breakdown

Question 20

Which of the following is a substrate-level phosphorylation step in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Phosphoglycerate kinase

Biochemistry II Exam Study Notes: Metabolism, Glycolysis, and Population Genetics

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