Question 1

Which of the following best describes the general empirical formula for most simple carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

$$C_nH_{2n}O_n$$

Question 2

Which of the following statements about monosaccharides is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

They are the building blocks of disaccharides and polysaccharides.

Question 3

Which of the following is a ketose monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Fructose

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why sucrose is a non-reducing sugar?

Accepted Answer

Both anomeric carbons are involved in the glycosidic bond, forming an acetal linkage.

Question 5

Which of the following disaccharides is composed of glucose and galactose?

Accepted Answer

Lactose

Question 6

A polysaccharide with the formula $$(C_6H_{10}O_5$)_n is $$most likely to be:

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between D- and L- sugars?

Accepted Answer

The position of the hydroxyl group on the highest-numbered chiral carbon in the Fischer projection.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of ribose in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Structural element of nucleic acids

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the glycosidic linkage in maltose?

Accepted Answer

α-1,4 linkage between two glucose units

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the ring forms of glucose is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The α-anomer has the OH group below the plane at the anomeric carbon.

Question 11

Which of the following is a reducing sugar?

Accepted Answer

Maltose

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of carbohydrates in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They are the main source of energy.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct classification for glucose?

Accepted Answer

An aldohexose

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of cellulose?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of β-glucose units linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why formaldehyde ($$HCHO) is $$not considered a carbohydrate, even though it fits the general formula $$C_n(H_2O)_n$$?

Accepted Answer

It does not contain a polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone structure.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of pectin in plants?

Accepted Answer

Structural support in cell walls

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between aldoses and ketoses?

Accepted Answer

Aldoses contain an aldehyde group, while ketoses contain a ketone group.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of a pentose sugar?

Accepted Answer

Ribose

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process by which disaccharides are formed?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis (condensation reaction) between two monosaccharides

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the biological importance of mannose?

Accepted Answer

It is a constituent of mucoproteins and glycoproteins required for proper body function.

Biochemistry Study Notes: Carbohydrates – Structure, Classification, and Functions

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