Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of translation in cells?

Accepted Answer

mRNA template-directed biosynthesis of proteins

Question 2

During translation, in which direction is the mRNA transcript read by the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

5' \rightarrow 3'

Question 3

What is the correct sequence of events for amino acid activation prior to translation?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid is activated by ATP to form aminoacyl adenylate, then coupled to tRNA and AMP is released

Question 4

Which enzyme is responsible for attaching an amino acid to its corresponding tRNA?

Accepted Answer

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Question 5

The anticodon loop of tRNA is essential for:

Accepted Answer

Pairing the tRNA to the complementary codon in mRNA

Question 6

Which of the following codons is most commonly used as the start codon in translation?

Accepted Answer

AUG

Question 7

In prokaryotes, what is the function of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence?

Accepted Answer

It aligns the mRNA on the ribosome to ensure translation begins at the correct position

Question 8

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are made of roughly 60-70% RNA and 30-40% protein

Question 9

Which ribosomal subunits combine to form the 70S ribosome, and in which organisms is it found?

Accepted Answer

50S and 30S in bacteria

Question 10

What is a ribozyme?

Accepted Answer

An RNA molecule capable of catalyzing biochemical reactions

Question 11

Which site on the ribosome is responsible for holding the tRNA carrying the growing peptide chain?

Accepted Answer

P site (Peptidyl)

Question 12

During translation elongation, which factor is responsible for delivering aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site?

Accepted Answer

EF-Tu

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of the difference between class 1 and class 2 aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases?

Accepted Answer

Class 1 attaches the amino acid to the 2'OH of tRNA, class 2 to the 3'OH

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a stop codon?

Accepted Answer

AUG

Question 15

A mutation changes the reading frame of an mRNA sequence. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids will be altered, potentially resulting in a nonfunctional protein

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life example of a synthetic nucleotide experiment used to decipher the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

Using UCUCUCUC to produce alternating serine and leucine

Question 17

Which of the following bases is NOT considered unusual in tRNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Question 18

During translation termination, what is the role of release factors (RFs)?

Accepted Answer

They bind to the stop codon and facilitate the release of the polypeptide chain

Question 19

Which energy molecule is primarily used during translation for both initiation and elongation?

Accepted Answer

GTP

Question 20

A scientist is studying a bacterial gene with the following structure: SD sequence, start codon, Z gene, SD sequence, start codon, Y gene, SD sequence, start codon, A gene. What is the purpose of the repeated SD sequences?

Accepted Answer

They align the ribosome for translation initiation at each gene

Biochemistry: Translation and the Genetic Code – Guided Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard