Question 1

Which of the following best describes the general empirical formula for most simple carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

$$C_n(H_2O)_n$$

Question 2

Which of the following statements about monosaccharides is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

They are the simplest carbohydrates and cannot be hydrolyzed into smaller carbohydrates.

Question 3

Which of the following is a ketose monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Fructose

Question 4

Which of the following disaccharides is a non-reducing sugar?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose

Question 5

A carbohydrate with the molecular formula $$C_5H_{10}O_5$ and an aldehyde group is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Aldopentose

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why glucose, galactose, and fructose have the same molecular formula but different properties?

Accepted Answer

They differ in the arrangement of functional groups around their chiral carbons.

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct glycosidic linkage in maltose?

Accepted Answer

$$\alpha-1$$,4 linkage

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of polysaccharides in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage and structural support

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between anomeric $$\alpha$$ and $$\beta$$ forms of glucose?

Accepted Answer

The orientation of the hydroxyl group at the anomeric carbon

Question 10

Which of the following is a reducing sugar and why?

Accepted Answer

Lactose, because it has a free hemiacetal group

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of ribose in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

It is a structural element of nucleic acids and some coenzymes.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the D and L designations of sugars is correct?

Accepted Answer

D-sugars have the –OH group on the right side of the highest-numbered chiral carbon in the Fischer projection.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct example of a polysaccharide and its biological function?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose – provides structural support in plant cell walls

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why formaldehyde ($$HCHO) is $$not classified as a carbohydrate, even though it fits the general formula $$C_n(H_2O)_n$$?

Accepted Answer

It does not contain multiple hydroxyl groups.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about glycosidic bonds?

Accepted Answer

They are covalent bonds formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.

Question 16

A patient is diagnosed with a deficiency in the enzyme that breaks down lactose. Which of the following symptoms is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Gastrointestinal discomfort after consuming dairy products

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Starch has $$\alpha-1$$,4 glycosidic linkages, while cellulose has $$\beta-1$$,4 glycosidic linkages.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of a monosaccharide and its function?

Accepted Answer

Glucose – primary energy source for cells

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process by which plants store excess glucose?

Accepted Answer

They convert glucose into starch through polymerization.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the role of carbohydrates in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They are the main source of quick energy.

Carbohydrates: Structure, Classification, and Biological Importance

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