Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes an aldose from a ketose?

Accepted Answer

An aldose contains an aldehyde group, while a ketose contains a keto group.

Question 2

Which carbon atom becomes the anomeric carbon during the cyclization of glucose?

Accepted Answer

C-1

Question 3

What type of glycosidic linkage is responsible for the branch points in glycogen?

Accepted Answer

$$\alpha-1$$,6

Question 4

Cellulose is a major structural polymer in plant cell walls. Which glycosidic linkage is found in cellulose?

Accepted Answer

$$\beta-1$$,4

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of glycoproteins on the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They are involved in cell-cell recognition and signaling.

Question 6

A patient with type 2 diabetes is prescribed acarbose. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?

Accepted Answer

It competitively inhibits $$\alpha-$$glucosidase, reducing glucose absorption.

Question 7

Which enzyme is responsible for the initial degradation of starch and glycogen in the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

$$\alpha-$$amylase

Question 8

What is the significance of the D series in sugars?

Accepted Answer

It indicates that the configuration of the asymmetric carbon farthest from the carbonyl group matches that of D-glyceraldehyde.

Question 9

Which of the following is a reducing sugar?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 10

During the methylation analysis of a polysaccharide, which methylation pattern indicates a branch point in glycogen?

Accepted Answer

2,3-di-O-methylglucose

Question 11

Which of the following statements about lectins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Lectins are proteins that specifically bind carbohydrates on cell surfaces.

Question 12

Which disaccharide is composed of glucose and fructose joined by an $$\alpha-1$$,2 glycosidic bond?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose

Question 13

What is the main difference in the structure of starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Starch contains $$\alpha-1$$,4 linkages, while cellulose contains $$\beta-1$$,4 linkages.

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding glycosidic bonds?

Accepted Answer

They are formed between the anomeric carbon of a sugar and an alcohol or amine.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of mucoproteins?

Accepted Answer

They act as lubricants due to their heavily O-glycosylated structure.

Question 16

A patient is infected with influenza virus. Which carbohydrate residue does the viral hemagglutinin protein recognize on host cells?

Accepted Answer

Sialic acid

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why elevated blood glucose is dangerous?

Accepted Answer

Glucose can form advanced glycation products that damage tissues.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about proteoglycans?

Accepted Answer

They are proteins bearing covalently linked glycosaminoglycans.

Question 19

Which of the following drugs is a competitive inhibitor of $$\alpha-$$glucosidase and is used to treat diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Acarbose

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference in the structure of glycogen compared to starch?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen has more branch points formed by $$\alpha-1$$,6 linkages than starch.

Biochemistry: A Short Course 10

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