$$\Delta G = RT \ln \left( \frac{[C]_\text{out}}{[C]_\text{in}} \right) + zF\Delta \psi$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between Fischer and Haworth projections for glucose?

Accepted Answer

Fischer projections display the linear form of glucose with chiral centers, while Haworth projections depict the cyclic (ring) form.

Question 2

Which of the following is a homopolysaccharide composed entirely of glucose units and serves as the primary storage form of carbohydrate in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 3

Which glycosidic linkage is found in the main chain of amylose?

Accepted Answer

$$\alpha(1 \rightarrow 4)$$

Question 4

Which property of glycan chains allows them to act as specific recognition molecules on cell surfaces?

Accepted Answer

Their diverse branching and monosaccharide composition

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a palindromic DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

A sequence that reads the same 5' to 3' on both strands

Question 6

Which factor increases the melting temperature ($$T_m) of $$DNA?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the proportion of guanine-cytosine base pairs

Question 7

Which of the following is a key difference between RNA and DNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA contains ribose, while DNA contains deoxyribose.

Question 8

Which enzyme is responsible for the amplification of DNA in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 9

What is the shorthand nomenclature for a fatty acid with 18 carbons and one double bond at the ninth carbon?

Accepted Answer

$$18:1\$$Delta^9$$

Question 10

Which of the following factors would increase membrane fluidity?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids

Question 11

Which type of membrane transport does NOT require energy input from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 12

The bacterial potassium channel is selective for K$$^+$$ over Na$$^+$$ because:

Accepted Answer

The channel's selectivity filter stabilizes K$$^+$$ ions via optimal coordination geometry

Question 13

Which equation is used to calculate the free energy change ($$\Delta G) $$for membrane transport of an ion?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = RT \ln \left( \frac{[C]_	ext{out}}{[C]_	ext{in}} ight) + zF\Delta \psi$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a major class of membrane-associated proteins that span the lipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

Integral proteins

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE about G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling?

Accepted Answer

GPCRs activate G-proteins, which then modulate second messengers like cAMP

Question 16

Which of the following is a difference between GPCR signaling and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling?

Accepted Answer

GPCRs use second messengers, while RTKs directly phosphorylate proteins

Question 17

Which of the following best describes secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Transport of molecules against their concentration gradient using the energy stored in an ion gradient

Question 18

Which of the following is a common feature of palindromic DNA sequences?

Accepted Answer

They are recognized by restriction enzymes

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of lectins?

Accepted Answer

Bind specific carbohydrate structures for cell recognition

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the hydropathy plot of a membrane protein?

Accepted Answer

It predicts the presence of transmembrane regions based on hydrophobicity

Comprehensive Study Guide: Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids, Lipids, Membranes, and Biosignaling

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