Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a typical effect of opioid drugs at low doses?

Accepted Answer

pupil dilation

Question 2

Heroin is considered more potent than morphine when administered orally because:

Accepted Answer

it is converted to morphine in the brain

Question 3

Which statement about pure opiate antagonists is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

They have structures similar to opiates but produce no activity at the receptor.

Question 4

Which of the following drugs would be considered a partial agonist at opioid receptors?

Accepted Answer

Codeine

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a synthetic opiate drug?

Accepted Answer

codeine

Question 6

Opiate drugs used medically are usually administered:

Accepted Answer

by injection

Question 7

At high doses, opiates are dangerous primarily due to:

Accepted Answer

the suppression of the brain stem's respiratory center

Question 8

The nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor (NOP-R):

Accepted Answer

is genetically related to the classical opioid receptors, $$\mu$$, $$\delta$$, and $$\kappa$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a common side effect of peripherally acting opioid drugs?

Accepted Answer

Slowing of gastrointestinal function/motility

Question 10

Which preparation was used to initially study the effects of pharmacological agents on the opiate receptor?

Accepted Answer

Guinea pig ileum

Question 11

Which statement about POMC is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

POMC is the propeptide for the dynorphins.

Question 12

The peptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ):

Accepted Answer

suppresses feeding behavior.

Question 13

Which of the following is the natural ligand for the $$\delta-$$receptor?

Accepted Answer

Enkephalin

Question 14

Which statement about the effects of opiates on synaptic transmission is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

They increase the release of neurotransmitters at the synapse.

Question 15

Nociceptors detect:

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 16

Pain transmission in the spinal cord can be blocked by:

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 17

The most important descending pathways for modulation of spinal cord transmission of pain originate in the:

Accepted Answer

midbrain PAG

Question 18

Electrical stimulation of the PAG (periaqueductal gray):

Accepted Answer

most likely releases endogenous opiates that act on $$\mu- $$and $$\kappa-$$receptors

Question 19

Which statement about pain perception and opiate action at supraspinal levels is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Pain reduction at supraspinal levels is primarily mediated by $$\delta-$$receptors.

Question 20

Some researchers believe that opiates exert their effects on reinforcement by affecting cell bodies in the ______ that release ______.

Accepted Answer

VTA; dopamine

Opioids: Mechanisms, Effects, and Clinical Considerations

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