$$2 \text{ pyruvic acid} + 2 \text{ NADH} + 2 \text{ ATP}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the net products of glycolysis from one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$2 	ext{ pyruvic acid} + 2 	ext{ NADH} + 2 	ext{ ATP}$$

Question 2

During anaerobic metabolism in muscle cells, what is the fate of pyruvic acid?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to lactic acid to regenerate NAD$$^+$$

Question 3

Which molecule determines whether pyruvic acid will enter the citric acid cycle or be converted to lactic acid?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 4

Why can't glucose be stored as free glucose inside cells?

Accepted Answer

It would attract water via osmosis and cause cell lysis

Question 5

Which enzyme allows the liver to release free glucose into the bloodstream during glycogenolysis?

Accepted Answer

Glucose 6-phosphatase

Question 6

What is the main function of the electron transport chain (ETC) in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

To convert the energy stored in NADH and FADH$$_2$$ into ATP

Question 7

What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 8

If a cell produces 2 NADH molecules during metabolism, how many ATP are theoretically generated from these NADH in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

$$6 	ext{ ATP}$$

Question 9

Which process describes the formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids or lactic acid?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 10

Which of the following is a reason why lactic acid fermentation is not favored by the body?

Accepted Answer

It produces much less ATP than aerobic respiration

Question 11

What is the main waste product generated from the complete aerobic catabolism of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide ($$CO_2)$$

Question 12

Which coenzymes are reduced during the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

NAD and FAD

Question 13

What is the purpose of the transition step between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

To convert pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA

Question 14

Which process describes the breakdown of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol?

Accepted Answer

Lipolysis

Question 15

During starvation, which process leads to the formation of ketone bodies in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Ketogenesis

Question 16

Which organ is able to release free glucose into the bloodstream due to the presence of glucose 6-phosphatase?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Question 17

What is the theoretical maximum number of ATP molecules produced from the complete oxidation of one glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$36-38 	ext{ ATP}$$

Question 18

Which process allows skeletal muscle to send excess lactic acid to the liver for conversion back to glucose?

Accepted Answer

Cori Cycle

Question 19

Which metabolic pathway is responsible for the synthesis of glycogen from glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenesis

Question 20

In the process of beta-oxidation, how many acetyl CoA molecules are produced from a 16-carbon fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

$$8 	ext{ acetyl CoA}$$

Respiration and Metabolism: Biochemical Pathways in Human Physiology

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