Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are typically small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface-area-to-volume ratio, which allows for more efficient exchange of materials with their environment. As a cell increases in size, its volume grows faster than its surface area, limiting the rate of exchange.

Question 2

A scientist wants to observe the detailed internal structure of mitochondria in a fixed cell sample. Which microscope should they use and why?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscope (TEM), because it provides high-resolution images of internal cellular structures by transmitting electrons through the specimen.

Question 3

Which of the following structures is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Central vacuole

Question 4

According to the endosymbiont theory, which of the following is evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own circular DNA and free ribosomes, and are surrounded by a double membrane.

Question 5

A protein destined for secretion from a eukaryotic cell follows which correct path?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome on rough ER $$\rightarrow$$ transport vesicle $$\rightarrow$$ Golgi apparatus $$\rightarrow$$ plasma membrane

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They contain hydrolytic enzymes that digest macromolecules and recycle cellular components.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules are hollow tubes that help maintain cell shape, guide organelle movement, and separate chromosomes during cell division.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of lipids, detoxification of drugs, and storage of calcium ions

Question 9

A mutation prevents the formation of tight junctions in intestinal epithelial cells. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Leakage of extracellular fluid between cells, compromising the barrier function of the tissue

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances, producing hydrogen peroxide which is then converted to water.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and protein, and they synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.

Question 12

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

A network of glycoproteins such as collagen, proteoglycans, and fibronectin that supports, protects, and helps regulate cell behavior.

Question 14

Which of the following correctly matches a cell structure with its function?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus: modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about mitochondria is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria are only found in animal cells.

Question 16

A researcher isolates a cell with the following characteristics: presence of a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 17

Which of the following cell junctions allows for the direct passage of ions and small molecules between adjacent animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

They are channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells, allowing for the exchange of materials and communication.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Storage of water, nutrients, and waste products, and maintenance of turgor pressure.

Question 20

A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium through phagocytosis. Which organelle is primarily responsible for digesting the bacterium after it is engulfed?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

A Tour of the Cell: Structure, Function, and Organization

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard