Question 1

Which of the following best explains why most cells are microscopic in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a greater surface area-to-volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials across the plasma membrane. $$	ext{Surface area-to-volume ratio} = \frac{	ext{surface area}}{	ext{volume}}$$

Question 2

A scientist wants to observe the detailed internal structure of mitochondria in a liver cell. Which type of microscope should they use?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

Question 3

Which of the following statements is part of the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All living things are composed of cells, and all cells come from pre-existing cells.

Question 4

Which structure is found in plant cells but not in animal cells, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall; provides structural support and protection

Question 5

A mutation prevents the formation of microtubules in a cell. Which of the following processes would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Movement of cilia and flagella

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizes membrane and secretory proteins using ribosomes attached to its surface

Question 7

A muscle tear injury would most likely involve the rupture of which type of cell junction?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring junctions (desmosomes)

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing ATP for cellular energy

Question 9

According to the endosymbiont theory, which of the following is evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotic ancestors?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and ribosomes similar to those of prokaryotes.

Question 10

A cell is observed to have a large number of ribosomes. What can you infer about the function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

It is actively synthesizing proteins.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a protein-secreting cell?

Accepted Answer

The ER synthesizes proteins, which are then modified, sorted, and shipped by the Golgi apparatus.

Question 12

Which of the following organelles is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 13

A patient is diagnosed with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD), a disease in which cilia and flagella lack motor proteins. Which symptoms would you expect to observe?

Accepted Answer

Recurrent respiratory tract infections and immotile sperm

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the thylakoid membrane in chloroplasts is so extensive?

Accepted Answer

It provides a large surface area for the enzymes and pigments involved in photosynthesis.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down ingested substances and damaged organelles

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

They allow water, nourishment, and chemical messages to pass between plant cells.

Question 17

Which of the following correctly matches a cytoskeletal component with its function?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments: muscle contraction

Question 18

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole. Which type of organism is this cell most likely from, and what is the vacuole's primary function?

Accepted Answer

Plant; storage of molecules and wastes, and facilitation of growth

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of transport vesicles in the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

They move molecules between organelles, helping to integrate the system's functions.

Question 20

Which animal cell junction is functionally analogous to plasmodesmata in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

A Tour of the Cell: Structure, Function, and Microscopy

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard