Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are typically small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area to volume ratio, allowing for more efficient exchange of materials with their environment. $$	ext{Surface area} \propto r^2$,\ 	ext{Volume} \propto r^3$

Question 2

A scientist wants to study the internal structure of mitochondria at the highest possible resolution. Which microscopy technique should they use?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

A mutation prevents the formation of the nuclear lamina in a eukaryotic cell. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The shape of the nucleus will be abnormal, potentially affecting DNA organization.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA and protein and can be free in the cytosol or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 6

A liver cell is exposed to a high concentration of alcohol. Which organelle is expected to increase in abundance to help detoxify the alcohol?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

Which of the following best supports the endosymbiont theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Both organelles contain circular DNA and free ribosomes similar to those of prokaryotes.

Question 8

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which structure prevents the cell from bursting?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 9

Which of the following correctly matches a cytoskeletal element with its function?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments – anchorage of nucleus and organelles

Question 10

A researcher uses differential centrifugation to isolate organelles from a cell homogenate. Which fraction would be richest in ribosomes after centrifugation at $$150,000\ g$$ for 3 hours?

Accepted Answer

The pellet from the final centrifugation at $$150,000\ g$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion

Question 12

A genetic disorder causes a defect in dynein proteins. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Beating of cilia and flagella

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

They provide cytoplasmic channels that allow water, small solutes, and sometimes proteins and RNA to pass between cells.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

The ECM can influence gene activity in the nucleus through integrin-mediated signaling.

Question 15

A cell is observed to have a large number of bound ribosomes. Which of the following is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Production of proteins for export (secretion)

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They digest macromolecules and recycle cellular components through autophagy.

Question 17

Which of the following is a unique feature of prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA located in an unbound region called the nucleoid

Question 18

A mutation disrupts the function of actin in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria have extensive inner membrane folding (cristae)?

Accepted Answer

To provide a larger surface area for enzymes involved in ATP synthesis

Question 20

Which of the following cell junctions would you expect to find in abundance in tissues that experience intense mechanical stress, such as heart muscle?

Accepted Answer

Desmosomes

A Tour of the Cell: Structure, Function, and Methods of Study

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard